Cross-sectional Study on Vitamin D Status in CKD Patients

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as a disease characterized by alterations in either kidney structure or function or both for a minimum of 3 months duration. New evidences have established new paradigm in the management of CKD patients having Vitamin D deficiency. It appears in some studies that adequate replacement of Vitamin D in deficient population can reduce premature mortality and morbidity in CKD population.

Aims and objectives: This cross-sectional study is designed "To assess Vitamin D status in CKD patients and to correlate Vitamin D status with eGFR.

Methodology: A retrospective cross sectional study on 100 cases of Chronic Kidney Disease patients and matched control subjects in a tertiary care hospital of Eastern India. eGFR was calculated using MDRD-EPI study equation. Vitamin D status was measured using 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Correlation was calculated by Pearson correlation analysis.

Results: Among 100 cases, 56 were male and 44 were female. Among 100 control, 53 were female and 47 were male. Among the cases, the mean eGFR was 25.15 ± 11.89. Among the control, the mean eGFR was 87.22 ± 17.82. Among the cases, the mean Vitamin D (Vit D) was 22.57 ± 9.76. Among the control, the mean Vit D was 35.24 ± 10.18. Among the cases, in non-dialysis patients the mean Vit D was 25.66 ± 8.54 and in dialysis patients the mean Vit D was 10.94 ± 2.65. Among the cases, 38 patients had Vit D deficiency (<20), 44 patients had Vit D insufficiency (20-30) and 18 patients had normal Vit D (>30). The positive correlation was found between eGFR and vitamin D level and that was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Both deficiency and insufficiency of Vitamin D were higher in CKD patients compared to control. Vitamin-D deficiency was more pronounced in advanced stages of CKD. eGFR was strongly associated with serum vitamin-D level.