Treatment of MOG antibody associated disorders: results of an international survey

J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(12):3565-3577. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10026-y. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

Abstract

Introduction: While monophasic and relapsing forms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disorders (MOGAD) are increasingly diagnosed world-wide, consensus on management is yet to be developed.

Objective: To survey the current global clinical practice of clinicians treating MOGAD.

Method: Neurologists worldwide with expertise in treating MOGAD participated in an online survey (February-April 2019).

Results: Fifty-two responses were received (response rate 60.5%) from 86 invited experts, comprising adult (78.8%, 41/52) and paediatric (21.2%, 11/52) neurologists in 22 countries. All treat acute attacks with high dose corticosteroids. If recovery is incomplete, 71.2% (37/52) proceed next to plasma exchange (PE). 45.5% (5/11) of paediatric neurologists use IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) in preference to PE. Following an acute attack, 55.8% (29/52) of respondents typically continue corticosteroids for ≥ 3 months; though less commonly when treating children. After an index event, 60% (31/51) usually start steroid-sparing maintenance therapy (MT); after ≥ 2 attacks 92.3% (48/52) would start MT. Repeat MOG antibody status is used by 52.9% (27/51) to help decide on MT initiation. Commonly used first line MTs in adults are azathioprine (30.8%, 16/52), mycophenolate mofetil (25.0%, 13/52) and rituximab (17.3%, 9/52). In children, IVIg is the preferred first line MT (54.5%; 6/11). Treatment response is monitored by MRI (53.8%; 28/52), optical coherence tomography (23.1%; 12/52) and MOG antibody titres (36.5%; 19/52). Regardless of monitoring results, 25.0% (13/52) would not stop MT.

Conclusion: Current treatment of MOGAD is highly variable, indicating a need for consensus-based treatment guidelines, while awaiting definitive clinical trials.

Keywords: MOG; MOGAD; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; Survey.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Autoantibodies*
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous* / therapeutic use
  • Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
  • Plasmapheresis
  • Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein