4-Hexylresorcinol-in duced angiogenesis potential in human endothelial cells

Min-Keun Kim; Seong-Gon Kim; Suk Keun Lee

doi:10.1186/s40902-020-00267-2

4-Hexylresorcinol-in duced angiogenesis potential in human endothelial cells

Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Jun 29;42(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s40902-020-00267-2. eCollection 2020 Dec.

Authors

Min-Keun Kim¹, Seong-Gon Kim¹, Suk Keun Lee²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, 123 Chibyun-dong, Gangneung, 210-702 Republic of Korea.
² Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, 123 Chibyun-dong, Gangneung, 210-702 Republic of Korea.

Abstract

Background: 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is able to increase angiogenesis. However, its molecular mechanism in the human endothelial cells has not been clarified.

Methods: As endothelial cells are important in angiogenesis, we treated the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 4HR and investigated protein expressional changes by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) using 96 antisera.

Results: Here, we found that 4HR upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization pathways. 4HR also increased expression of caspases and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, 4HR increased TGF-β1 production and subsequent activation of SMADs/VEGFs, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization.

Conclusion: Collectively, 4HR activates TGF-β/SMAD/VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.

Keywords: 4HR; Angiogenesis; HUVEC; IP-HPLC; TGF-β1.