Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 From Family Clusters

Dan Sun; Feng Zhu; Cheng Wang; Jing Wu; Jie Liu; Xue Chen; Zhisheng Liu; Zubo Wu; Xiaoxia Lu; Jiehui Ma; Hua Peng; Han Xiao

doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00386

Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 From Family Clusters

Front Pediatr. 2020 Jun 23:8:386. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00386. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Dan Sun¹, Feng Zhu^{2

3}, Cheng Wang^{2

3}, Jing Wu⁴, Jie Liu⁵, Xue Chen¹, Zhisheng Liu¹, Zubo Wu⁵, Xiaoxia Lu⁶, Jiehui Ma¹, Hua Peng⁵, Han Xiao⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
² Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
³ Department of Cardiology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
⁵ Pediatric Department, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
⁶ Department of Respiratory, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
⁷ Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Abstract

Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing globally. Limited data are available for children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted in one designated hospital for children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan. Results: Out of the 74 children with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the median age was 5.8 years, with no notable variation based on gender. All of the children had had direct exposure to at least one family member with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common symptoms were cough in 41 (55.4%) and fever in 38 (51.4%). Typical CT patterns of viral pneumonia were exhibited in 40 (54.1%) children, including ground-glass opacity and interstitial abnormalities. However, 17 (23.0%) children were classified as asymptomatic carriers, with neither symptoms nor radiological findings. Also, 68 (91.9%) children recovered fully and showed negative results on RT-PCR assay by nasopharyngeal swabs during our observation period. In contrast to the negative result for nasopharyngeal swab, 34% of the anal swabs showed a continued positive result. The mean hospitalization days of the children discharged after full recovery was 10.0 days. Conclusion: Within family clusters that had SARS-CoV-2 infection, children had mild or even asymptomatic illness. Although CT is highly sensitive, it should be avoided in follow-up of the disease in consideration of the radiological hazards and limited clinical benefits for mild illness in children. Furthermore, it is advocated that both nasopharyngeal and anal swabs should be confirmed negative for viral load prior to declaring full recovery so as to avoid oral-fecal transmission. Asymptomatic children with family clusters are potentially a little-known source of COVID-19. This therefore warrants an urgent reassessment of the transmission dynamics of the current outbreak.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; children; family clusters; viral pneumonia.