Can we harness the microbiota to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy?

doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0374-6

. 2020 Sep;20(9):522-528.

doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0374-6. Epub 2020 Jul 13.

Can we harness the microbiota to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy?

B Brett Finlay^{1

2

3}, Romina Goldszmid⁴, Kenya Honda^{5

6}, Giorgio Trinchieri⁷, Jennifer Wargo^{8

9}, Laurence Zitvogel^{10

11

12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca.
² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca.
³ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca.
⁴ Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. rgoldszmid@mail.nih.gov.
⁵ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kenya@keio.jp.
⁶ RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. kenya@keio.jp.
⁷ Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. trinchig@mail.nih.gov.
⁸ Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. jwargo@mdanderson.org.
⁹ Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. jwargo@mdanderson.org.
¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.
¹¹ Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.
¹² INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.
¹³ Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.

PMID: 32661409
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0374-6

Can we harness the microbiota to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy?

B Brett Finlay et al. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Sep.

. 2020 Sep;20(9):522-528.

doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0374-6. Epub 2020 Jul 13.

Authors

B Brett Finlay^{1

2

3}, Romina Goldszmid⁴, Kenya Honda^{5

6}, Giorgio Trinchieri⁷, Jennifer Wargo^{8

9}, Laurence Zitvogel^{10

11

12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca.
² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca.
³ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. bfinlay@msl.ubc.ca.
⁴ Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. rgoldszmid@mail.nih.gov.
⁵ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. kenya@keio.jp.
⁶ RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan. kenya@keio.jp.
⁷ Cancer Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. trinchig@mail.nih.gov.
⁸ Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. jwargo@mdanderson.org.
⁹ Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. jwargo@mdanderson.org.
¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.
¹¹ Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.
¹² INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.
¹³ Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer 1428, Villejuif, France. laurence.zitvogel@orange.fr.

PMID: 32661409
DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0374-6

Abstract

There is currently much interest in defining how the microbiota shapes immune responses in the context of cancer. Various studies in both mice and humans have associated particular commensal species with better (or worse) outcomes in different cancer types and following treatment with cancer immunotherapies. However, the mechanisms involved remain ill-defined and even controversial. In this Viewpoint, Nature Reviews Immunology has invited six eminent scientists in the field to share their thoughts on the key questions and challenges for the field.

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Influence of tumor mycobiome on cancer pathogenesis (Review).
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The Value of Microbes in Cancer Neoantigen Immunotherapy.
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Towards modulating the gut microbiota to enhance the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
Simpson RC, Shanahan ER, Scolyer RA, Long GV. Simpson RC, et al. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023 Oct;20(10):697-715. doi: 10.1038/s41571-023-00803-9. Epub 2023 Jul 24. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023. PMID: 37488231 Review.

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References

1. Iida, N. et al. Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Science 342, 967–970 (2013). - PubMed - PMC
1. Sivan, A. et al. Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 350, 1084–1089 (2015). - PubMed - PMC
1. Vetizou, M. et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science 350, 1079–1084 (2015). - PubMed - PMC
1. Routy, B. et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359, 91–97 (2018).
1. Pushalkar, S. et al. The pancreatic cancer microbiome promotes oncogenesis by induction of innate and adaptive immune suppression. Cancer Discov. 8, 403–416 (2018). - PubMed - PMC

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[1] Iida, N. et al. Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Science 342, 967–970 (2013). - PubMed - PMC

[2] Iida, N. et al. Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Science 342, 967–970 (2013). - PubMed - PMC

[3] Sivan, A. et al. Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 350, 1084–1089 (2015). - PubMed - PMC

[4] Sivan, A. et al. Commensal Bifidobacterium promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti-PD-L1 efficacy. Science 350, 1084–1089 (2015). - PubMed - PMC

[5] Vetizou, M. et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science 350, 1079–1084 (2015). - PubMed - PMC

[6] Vetizou, M. et al. Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota. Science 350, 1079–1084 (2015). - PubMed - PMC

[7] Routy, B. et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359, 91–97 (2018).

[8] Routy, B. et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359, 91–97 (2018).

[9] Pushalkar, S. et al. The pancreatic cancer microbiome promotes oncogenesis by induction of innate and adaptive immune suppression. Cancer Discov. 8, 403–416 (2018). - PubMed - PMC

[10] Pushalkar, S. et al. The pancreatic cancer microbiome promotes oncogenesis by induction of innate and adaptive immune suppression. Cancer Discov. 8, 403–416 (2018). - PubMed - PMC

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Can we harness the microbiota to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy?

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Can we harness the microbiota to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy?

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