The aim is a comparative and legal study of liability in the health care sector in the EU countries and Ukraine. Materials of the research are the EU legislation, laws of the EU countries, Ukraine, statistical information. The authors of the study have used the systematization method, comparative and legal method, analysis and generalization of statistical data. Ensuring an adequate level of health care, providing affordable health care service and medical care to citizens is one of the main tasks of any country, including Ukraine. It is the reason why the state controls this sector through the institution of liability, which does not fully meet the standards of the present day existing in the EU Member States, and therefore needs to be improved. The authors of the article have summarized the experience of the EU countries and Ukraine in regard to liability in the health care sector and have determined some ways to improve Ukrainian legislation. The authors have established the necessity to borrow the experience of certain EU countries in regulating financial (France, Germany, Italy, Poland), civil (Italy), criminal (Germany), administrative liability (Latvia) in the health care sector.