Glycemic Variability, Oxidative Stress, and Impact on Complications Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Chronic hyperglycemia is an established risk factor for the development of complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but glycemic variability has emerged as a possible independent risk factor for diabetes complications, possibly through oxidative stress. In this review, methods to access glycemic variability and oxidative stress, as well as their correlations, are discussed. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies are also debated to achieve better glycemic control, not only by HbA1c target but also with reduced glycemic fluctuations, possibly minimizing the risk of diabetes complications.

Keywords: Glycemic variability; complications; hyperglycemia; oxidative stress; type 1 diabetes.; type 2 diabetes.