Gynecological cancers and urinary dysfunction: a comparison between endometrial cancer and other gynecological malignancies

Minerva Med. 2021 Feb;112(1):96-110. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4806.20.06770-1. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative overview of the available literature about voiding dysfunction in women with gynecological cancer before and after surgical, chemo- and radiotherapy treatments. Radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy may cause lower urinary tract dysfunction such as stress and urge urinary incontinence, and voiding difficulties. However, nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy may be a valid surgical approach in order to reduce bladder innervation impairment and maintain normal urinary function. Also, newer radiotherapy techniques significantly reduce the number of adverse effects, including bladder dysfunction. Pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy and training with biofeedback and urethral bulking agents represent some additional therapies that can be used in oncologically treated patients with urinary symptoms in order to improve a significant aspect of their quality of life. Considering the important impact on the patients' quality of life, a full urogynecological evaluation should be considered as an important part of oncological treatment and follow-up.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
  • Endometrial Neoplasms / complications*
  • Endometrial Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Female
  • Genital Neoplasms, Female / complications*
  • Genital Neoplasms, Female / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Hysterectomy
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Radiotherapy / adverse effects
  • Urination Disorders / etiology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents