Bioshell Calcium Oxide-Containing Liquids as a Sanitizer for the Reduction of Histamine Production in Raw Japanese Pilchard, Japanese Horse Mackerel, and Chub Mackerel

Sumiyo Hiruma; Masayuki Ishihara; Shingo Nakamura; Yoko Sato; Haruka Asahina; Koichi Fukuda; Tomohiro Takayama; Kaoru Murakami; Hidetaka Yokoe

doi:10.3390/foods9070964

Bioshell Calcium Oxide-Containing Liquids as a Sanitizer for the Reduction of Histamine Production in Raw Japanese Pilchard, Japanese Horse Mackerel, and Chub Mackerel

Foods. 2020 Jul 21;9(7):964. doi: 10.3390/foods9070964.

Authors

Sumiyo Hiruma¹, Masayuki Ishihara¹, Shingo Nakamura¹, Yoko Sato², Haruka Asahina³, Koichi Fukuda¹, Tomohiro Takayama⁴, Kaoru Murakami⁴, Hidetaka Yokoe⁴

Affiliations

¹ Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
² Division of Statistical Analysis, Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan.
³ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1234, Japan.
⁴ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.

Abstract

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of food poisoning cases associated with histamine in food, mainly in relation to histamine in fish. Here, we investigated methods to decrease histamine levels in Japanese pilchard, Japanese horse mackerel, and chub Mackerel, stored at 10 °C using various concentrations of heated scallop bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) suspension, dispersion (BiSCaO + Na₂HPO₄), colloidal dispersion (BiSCaO + NapolyPO₄), scallop shell powder (SSP) Ca(OH)₂ in pure water (PW) or saline, and BiSCaO water. BiSCaO in a high alkaline pH solution chemically decomposes histamine poorly, but the partial flocculation/precipitation of histamine was observed with 1 and 0.2 wt.% BiSCaO dispersion and BiSCaO colloidal dispersion, respectively. Cleaning fish samples with BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, colloidal dispersion, or BiSCaO water remarkably reduced histamine levels and normal bacterial flora (coliform bacteria (CF) and total viable bacterial cells (TC)) after storage for four days at 10 °C, while much higher histamine levels were observed after cleaning with saline. These results suggest that cleaning fish with BiSCaO dispersion, colloidal dispersion, or BiSCaO water can significantly reduce histamine levels through their bactericidal activity against histamine-producing bacteria.

Keywords: bactericidal activity; bioshell calcium oxides; disinfectant; food poisoning; histamine.