Rose Bengal (RB) was used as a functional pigment and poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride was used as a coupling agent to modify Graphene Oxide (GO) in order to enhance the light absorption and ROS generation of GO. GO, RB and the obtained RB-PDDA-GO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The oxidation of hydroquinone to p-benzoquinone was used to evaluate the oxidation ability. Three kinds of reactive oxygen species (O₂·-, 1O₂ and ·OH) produced by the materials under light irradiation were detected by the ESR method using TEMP (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine) and DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) as capture agents. The results showed that RB-PDDA-GO produced more ROS under light than GO. Antibacterial experiments were carried out with E. coli as the target strain to detect the actual utility of ROS produced by the materials. The results showed that RB-PDDA-GO had a significant sterilization effect.