Optimization of antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and ganoderic acid content of differentially dried Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology

Food Chem. 2021 Jan 15:335:127645. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127645. Epub 2020 Jul 25.

Abstract

The dried Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has been widely used for its pharmacological properties and bioactive ganoderic acids (GAs). Herein, extraction procedures combining ultra-sonication and heating were optimized using response surface methodology based on four variables (antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, total GAs content, and total polysaccharide content) and principal component analysis. The extraction of freeze-dried GL at temperatures between 64.2 and 70 °C for 1.2 h maximized the antioxidant activity and GA content, whereas the polysaccharide content and anti-diabetic activity were maximized by extraction between 66.8 and 70 °C for more than 2.8 h. Heat-dried GL extracted at 50 °C for 3 h provided the greatest anti-inflammatory activity against HaCaT cells by suppressing the response to inflammation related cytokines at mRNA levels. These results suggest that extraction conditions might be a limiting factor for target-oriented investigations, and optimized extraction methods may improve the potential effect and quality of harvested GL products.

Keywords: Anti-diabetic; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; Ganoderic acid; Ganoderma lucidum; Principal component analysis; Response surface methodology; Ultrasonic assisted extraction.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / chemistry*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification*
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Antioxidants / isolation & purification*
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Cell Line
  • Chemical Fractionation / instrumentation
  • Chemical Fractionation / methods*
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / chemistry
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / isolation & purification*
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / isolation & purification*
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Polysaccharides / chemistry
  • Polysaccharides / isolation & purification
  • Polysaccharides / pharmacology
  • Reishi / chemistry*
  • Triterpenes / chemistry
  • Triterpenes / isolation & purification*
  • Triterpenes / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Plant Extracts
  • Polysaccharides
  • Triterpenes
  • ganoderic acid