OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this evidence-based review is to equip radiologists to discuss and interpret findings obtained with various imaging modalities, guide patient selection for percutaneous aspiration, and safely perform arthrocentesis to assess for infection in both native and prosthetic joints. CONCLUSION. Septic arthritis is an emergency that can lead to rapidly progressive, irreversible joint damage. Despite the urgency associated with this diagnosis, there remains a lack of consensus regarding many aspects of the management of native and periprosthetic joint infections.
Keywords: arthrocentesis; aspiration; interventional; periprosthetic joint infection; septic arthritis.