Anesthetic Implications of Common Congenital Anomalies

Anesthesiol Clin. 2020 Sep;38(3):621-642. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.06.002.

Abstract

The most common congenital anomalies are congenital heart defects, cleft lip and palate, Down syndrome, and neural tube defects. Anesthetic considerations for Down syndrome include cervical spine instability, history of congenital heart disease, risk of bradycardia, hematologic, endocrine, and behavioral considerations. Patients with cleft lip and palate can have associated syndromes, and the potential for underlying abnormalities should be investigated prior to their anesthetic. A major anesthetic consideration for neural tube defect surgery is positioning for intubation. Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele has been shown to reduce the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting and improved motor outcomes.

Keywords: Cleft lip; Cleft palate; Down syndrome; Myelomeningocele; Neural tube defect; Pharyngoplasty; Spina bifida.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia / methods*
  • Child, Preschool
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / surgery*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Meningomyelocele / surgery*
  • Mouth Abnormalities / surgery*
  • Neural Tube Defects / surgery*
  • Spinal Dysraphism / surgery*