This article explores how the Russian state exercises power over international migrants by continuing a 1995 ban on residence for HIV-positive foreigners. International migrants look for work in Russia, the largest host country for migration in the region of East Europe and Central Asia. I conducted qualitative interviews with service providers and health experts and analyzed cases in the database of a Moscow-based non-governmental organization (NGO) where HIV-positive international migrants seek HIV care. To secure permits to work and reside in Russia, they must prove HIV-negative status. I explored how Russia created legal uncertainty for those who are HIV-positive due to lack of legal employment and irregular residence status. I also explain how difficult it is to obtain antiretroviral treatment or other health services for HIV-positive migrants, and discuss epidemiologic, economic, and social implications of the Russian HIV residence ban in the light of the Russian migration policy.
Keywords: HIV-positive; Immigration; Migration policy; Residence ban; Russia; Undocumented migrants.