Meningioma

Excerpt

Meningioma is the most common primary central nervous system tumor, accounting for about 37.6% of them and approximately 50% of all benign brain tumors. Meningioma originates from the meningeal layers of either the brain or the spinal cord. These tumors are classified into three grades, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The majority of meningiomas are benign and considered grade 1. About 1 to 3% of meningiomas can be transformed into malignant tumors with a 5-year survival rate of 32 to 64%. Several predisposing factors increase the risk of occurrence, including genetic disorders such as neurofibromatosis type 2, exposure to radiation, hormonal therapy, and family history.

The clinical manifestation is dependent on the location and the size of the meningioma. Therefore, some patients can be asymptomatic, while others might experience neurological deficits. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard radiological investigation for diagnosing meningioma. Asymptomatic and slow-growing meningiomas are usually managed with observation along with routine imaging. However, for fast-growing tumors, large tumors, or symptomatic patients, surgery remains the best management option. This review will primarily discuss intracranial meningiomas.