Objective: To investigate the feasibility of near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) to assist in determining the resection range of radiation intestinal injury (RII). Methods: A descriptive cohort study was conducted. Clinical data of 10 RII patients who presented intestinal obstruction and received operation with more than 100 cm of small intestine had been resected atGeneral Department of Jinling Hospital from October 2014 to January 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The Novadaq SPY Intra-operative Imaging System was used in capturing and viewing fluorescent images. Firstly, the dense adhesion was mobilized and the obstructive intestine was fully freed under laparoscopy, then entering into abdomen from the corresponding incision. The surgeon determined the resection range according to the color of the intestinal serous layer of the diseased intestinal wall, the thickness of the intestinal wall, and the degree of swelling of the mesentery. Afterwards, intra-operative NIRFI was performed by intravenous injection of 2 ml indocyanine green (ICG) and the imaging results of the diseased intestinal arteriovenous phase were observed and recorded. The evaluation criteria for the final resection range were mainly based on the changes in mesenteric arterial phase imaging. In RII lesions, mesenteric vessels in mesenteric artery phase were disordered, and the comb-like distribution of normal mesenteric vessels completely disappeared. Only the clouded appearance in the intestinal wall was observed. Imaging results of the diseased intestinal tissue during the development phase and mesenteric vein phase were not significantly different from normal intestinal tissue. Intraoperative and postoperative conditions under NIRFI-assisted positioning, including the resection range, anastomosis site, operation-related complications, hospitalization time and cost were recorded. Data of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and gastrointestinal angiography during 5 years of follow-up were collected to evaluate whether there was anastomotic stenosis or insufficient resection of diseased bowel. Results: Based on the imaging of mesenteric arterial phase of NIRFI, the median resection length of the small intestine was 185 (120-260) cm. After NIRFI imaging, only local lesion of ileum was excised in 6 patients, and jejunum-ileum anastomosis was performed to preserve ileocecal flap. No serious complications such as anastomotic leakage and anastomotic hemorrhage, or chronic intestinal failure such as short bowel syndrome occurred. The median hospitalization time was 32 (22-51) days, and the median hospitalization cost was 142 000 (90 000-175 000) RMB. The hospitalization time and cost were mainly used for the enteral and parenteral nutrition support treatment during the perioperative period. All the patients had normal oral diet and/or oral enteral nutrient. After 5 years of follow-up, no recurrence was found. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and gastrointestinal angiography showed no thickening of the intestinal wall or stenosis of the lumen. Conclusion: Mesenteric arterial phase imagingof NIRFI can help surgeons to determine the site and range of resection of RII lesions.
目的： 目前尚无可以准确判断放射性肠损伤肠管活性的客观标准，如何选择最佳的切除部位是放射性肠损伤手术的最大难题。本研究首次尝试应用近红外荧光成像技术（NIRFI）术中定位放射性肠损伤病变肠管部位及切除范围，并评估其可行性。 方法： 本研究采用描述性病例系列研究方法。回顾性总结南京大学医学院附属金陵医院（东部战区总医院）普通外科2014年10月至2015年1月期间，10例因放射性肠损伤引起肠梗阻住院行手术治疗、小肠切除范围>100 cm且术中应用SPY成像系统（加拿大Novadaq科技公司）进行实时成像的患者的临床资料。首先，在腹腔镜下分离致密粘连，充分游离梗阻部位肠管后取相应切口进腹。手术医生根据病变肠管浆膜层颜色、肠壁厚度、肠系膜肿胀程度等确定切除范围后标记。随后，静脉推注2 ml吲哚菁绿（ICG）行术中NIRFI，观察并记录病变肠管动静脉期成像结果，最终切除范围主要评估标准以肠系膜动脉显影期的系膜血管纹路改变为准。放射性肠损伤病变肠管处，肠系膜动脉显影期系膜血管纹路紊乱，正常肠系膜血管的"梳样"分布完全消失，仅可见肠壁内云雾状表现。病变肠管组织显影期及肠系膜静脉显影期成像结果与正常肠管无显著差别。记录患者在NIRFI辅助定位下的手术及术后情况（包括手术切除范围、吻合部位、手术相关并发症、住院时间及费用）；收集患者随访5年的腹部增强CT及消化道造影检查资料，评估是否存在吻合口狭窄或病变肠管切除不足等情况。 结果： 在NIRFI肠系膜动脉显影期成像结果的提示下，本组患者切除小肠中位长度为185（120~260）cm；6例患者在NIRFI成像后决定仅切除局部病变回肠，行空肠-回肠吻合，从而保留回盲瓣。所有患者术后均未发生吻合口漏、吻合口出血等严重并发症，无患者出现短肠综合征等慢性肠功能衰竭表现。中位住院时间为32（22~51）d，中位住院费用为14.2（9.0~17.5）万元，住院时间及费用主要用于患者围手术期肠内肠外营养支持治疗。出院后均正常经口进食和（或）口服肠内营养液。随访5年，全组未出现复发情况，腹部增强CT及消化道造影检查均未见肠壁增厚、管腔狭窄等情况。 结论： NIRFI肠系膜动脉期成像可辅助手术医生确定放射性肠损伤病变肠管切除部位及范围。.
Keywords: Indocyanine Green; Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging; Radiation intestinal injury.