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Review
. 2020 Jul 31:2020:3920196.
doi: 10.1155/2020/3920196. eCollection 2020.

The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Daniela Maria Tanase  1   2 , Evelina Maria Gosav  1   2 , Claudia Florida Costea  3   4 , Manuela Ciocoiu  5 , Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu  6   7 , Minela Aida Maranduca  8 , Anca Ouatu  1   2 , Mariana Floria  1   9
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Free PMC article
Review

The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Daniela Maria Tanase et al. J Diabetes Res. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, and vice versa. This complex and intricate association is supported and mediated by insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we discuss the NAFLD immunopathogenesis, connection with IR and T2DM, the role of screening and noninvasive tools, and mostly the impact of the current antidiabetic drugs on steatosis liver and new potential therapeutic targets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
NAFLD, IR, and T2DM complex immunopathogenesis. T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; IR: insulin resistance; FFAs: free fatty acids; TG: triglyceride; ChREBP: carbohydrate response element-binding protein; SREBP1c: sterol regulating element-binding protein 1c; DAG: diacylglycerols; ROS: high reactive oxygen species;
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