Mental health toll from the coronavirus: Social media usage reveals Wuhan residents' depression and secondary trauma in the COVID-19 outbreak

Bu Zhong; Yakun Huang; Qian Liu

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106524

Mental health toll from the coronavirus: Social media usage reveals Wuhan residents' depression and secondary trauma in the COVID-19 outbreak

Comput Human Behav. 2021 Jan:114:106524. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106524. Epub 2020 Aug 15.

Authors

Bu Zhong¹, Yakun Huang², Qian Liu³

Affiliations

¹ Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
² School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
³ School of Journalism and Communication, National Media Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.

Abstract

This study investigates the possible association between social media usage and the mental health toll from the coronavirus at the peak of Wuhan's COVID-19 outbreak. Informed by the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication Model and Health Belief Model, it proposes a conceptual model to study how people in Wuhan - the first epicenter of the global COVID-19 pandemic - used social media and its effects on users' mental health conditions and health behavior change. The results show that social media usage was related to both depression and secondary trauma, which also predicted health behavior change. But no relation was detected between health behavior change and mental health conditions. As the virus struck, social media usage was rewarding to Wuhan people who gained informational, emotional, and peer support from the health information shared on social media. An excessive use of social media, however, led to mental health issues. The results imply that taking a social media break may promote well-being during the pandemic, which is crucial to mitigating mental health harm inflicted by the pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Health behavior change; Mental health; Social media; Wuhan.