Objective: To understand the prevalence of asthma and its variation over time in children aged 0-14 years in China. Methods: The studies on the prevalence of asthma in children in China were systematically retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and PubMed databases. The search time was up to June 2019, and the study site was located in the asthma surveillance cities. Random effect model was used to calculate the combined prevalence of asthma and its 95% confidence interval (CI). The subgroup analysis was conducted by period, sex and region. All analyses were performed by using Stata 15.1 and R Studio software. Results: Among 2 624 articles, 67 met the eligibility criteria, and the survey time was from 1989 to 2015. A total of 1 661 076 children were involved and 40 737 asthma cases were confirmed from 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The prevalence of asthma varied greatly among different studies, ranging from 0.5% to 9.82%. Meta-analysis showed that the combined prevalence of asthma in Chinese children aged 0-14 was 2.6% (95%CI: 2.1%-3.1%), about 3.2% (95%CI: 2.6%-3.8%) for boys and 1.9% (95%CI: 1.6%-2.3%) for girls. The subgroup analysis showed a significant variation of the prevalence over different years, genders and regions (P<0.05). The prevalence of asthma in boys was consistently higher than that of girls. The overall prevalence of asthma showed an upward trend. Before 2010, the prevalence of asthma in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions. The prevalence of asthma across regions showed a significant change and the prevalence of asthma in the central region was significantly higher than that in the eastern and western regions from 2010 to 2015 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The asthma prevalence of children aged 0-14 in China is generally increasing, and the prevalence rate of boys is higher than that of girls. The prevalence rate in the central region is significantly higher than that in the eastern region from 2010 to 2015, suggesting that those regions should strengthen the early prevention and intervention of asthma and implement a sex-specific information dissemination strategy.
目的： 了解中国0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率及其随时间的变迁。 方法： 系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网和PubMed四个数据库中有关中国儿童哮喘患病率的研究，检索时间截至2019年6月，研究地点锁定在哮喘监测城市。采用Stata/SE 15.1和R Studio 软件，应用随机效应模型计算合并哮喘患病率及其95%CI值，按年份、性别、地区进行亚组分析。 结果： 从筛查的2 624篇文献中，纳入文献67篇，调查时间为1989—2015年。纳入的研究覆盖26个省份，共包括1 661 076名儿童，其中哮喘患病儿童40 737例。不同研究间哮喘患病率差异较大，最低为0.5%，最高为9.82%。Meta分析结果显示，中国0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率为2.6%（95%CI：2.1%~3.1%），男童为3.2%（95%CI：2.6%~3.8%），女童为1.9%（95%CI：1.6%~2.3%）。亚组分析中，不同年份、性别和地区分组间哮喘患病率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），男童高于女童, 呈总体上升趋势。2010年以前东部地区均高于中、西部地区，2010—2015年中部哮喘患病率高于东、西部，且地区间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论： 中国0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率总体呈上升趋势，男童相对女童患病率更高，2010—2015年中部地区患病率超过东部，提示中西部要加强哮喘早期预防与干预，同时要强化性别特点宣传。.
Keywords: Asthma; Child; Prevalence; Surveillance city.