Regular use of dental services among university students in southern Brazil

Rev Saude Publica. 2020:54:85. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054001935. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
[Article in Portuguese, English]

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To verify the prevalence and factors associated with regular use of dental services in university students of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). METHODS This cross-sectional study interviewed 1,865 students aged 18 years or older, starting bachelor's degrees in 2017, enrolled in the second academic semester of 2017 and in the first of 2018 in classroom courses at UFPel. We considered regular users those who reported regularly going to the dentist with or without perceived dental problems. To test factors associated with regular use of dental services, demographic, socioeconomic and oral health variables were collected. Statistical analyses were based on Poisson regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of regular use of dental services was 45.0% (95%CI 42.7-47.3). University students of high economic class (PR = 1.47; 95%CI 0.91-2.36), with last private dental appointment (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.03-1.61), positive self-perception of oral health (PR = 2.33; 95%CI 1.79-3.03) and no report of toothache in the last six months (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.03-1.45) showed higher prevalence of regular use of dental services. CONCLUSION The results point to inequalities in the regular use of dental services related to socioeconomic factors and a lower use among university students with worse oral health conditions. These results suggest that public health prevention and promotion policies in higher education institutions must be carried out to ensure quality of life among these young adults.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso regular de serviços odontológicos em acadêmicos da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel).

MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal entrevistou 1.865 estudantes de 18 anos ou mais de idade, ingressantes em 2017, matriculados no segundo semestre letivo de 2017 e no primeiro de 2018 em cursos presenciais da UFPel. Consideraram-se usuários regulares os indivíduos que relataram ir regularmente ao dentista com ou sem problemas dentários percebidos. A fim de testar fatores associados ao uso regular de serviços odontológicos, foram coletadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde bucal. As análises estatísticas foram baseadas em modelos de regressão de Poisson.

RESULTADOS: A prevalência de uso regular de serviços odontológicos foi de 45,0% (IC95% 42,7–47,3). Os universitários de classe econômica elevada (RP = 1,47; IC95% 0,91–2,36), com última consulta odontológica particular (RP = 1,29; IC95% 1,03–1,61), autopercepção positiva da saúde bucal (RP = 2,33; IC95% 1,79–3,03) e sem relato de dor de dente nos últimos seis meses (RP = 1,22; IC95% 1,03–1,45) apresentaram maiores prevalências de uso regular dos serviços odontológicos.

CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontam para desigualdades no uso regular dos serviços odontológicos relacionadas a fatores socioeconômicos e um menor uso entre os universitários com piores condições de saúde bucal. Esses resultados sugerem que políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção em saúde em instituições de ensino superior devem ser realizadas para garantir qualidade de vida entre esses jovens.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Brazil
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Dental Health Services / statistics & numerical data*
  • Health Services Accessibility / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Mouth Diseases / prevention & control
  • Oral Health / statistics & numerical data*
  • Quality of Life
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Students / psychology*
  • Students / statistics & numerical data
  • Universities
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

Funding. This study was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil (CAPES) – funding code 001. MSE has a doctoral scholarship linked to the ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE PROGRAM – PROEX of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), process 88882.346942/2019-01. HSS has a postdoctoral scholarship (Young Talent) linked to the Institutional Internationalization Program of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brazil (CAPES PrInt), process #88887.363970/2019-00.