Network meta-analysis of antiepileptic drugs in focal drug-resistant epilepsy

Abstract

Objective: To compare and rank the efficacy and acceptability of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and Clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched from their inception through January 1, 2020, to identify trials evaluating AEDs for focal drug-resistant epilepsy. We included randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing new AEDs with placebo or with other AEDs as adjunctive therapy for focal drug-resistant epilepsy. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed to determine efficacy and acceptability, as reflected by odds ratios (ORs), 95 % credible intervals (CrIs) with random-effects and consistent models.

Results: Sixty-two RCTs were included, involving 12,739 patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy. Regarding the seizure-free rate (40 RCTs involving 9,136 patients), 8 AEDs were more efficacious than placebo, with lnORs ranging between 1.69 for brivaracetam (95 % CrI, 0.56-2.81) and 0.72 for pregabalin (95 % CrI, 0.12-1.32). Regarding the responder rate, all AEDs except oxcarbazepine were more efficacious than placebo, with lnORs ranging between 1.31 for levetiracetam (95 % CrI, 0.92-1.71) and 0.66 for carisbamate (95 % CrI, 0.17-1.14). Regarding acceptability (60 RCTs comprising 12,139 patients), 9 AEDs were inferior to placebo. Estimated from seizure-free rate, brivaracetam was ranked as the most efficacious AED based on cumulative probability plots and SUCRAs, with fatigue as the main adverse event.

Conclusion: The results indicate that, based on seizure-free rate and all-cause discontinuation rate, brivaracetam is the most efficacious and acceptable AED, with mild adverse events and acknowledgement of potential publication bias.

Keywords: Acceptability; Adverse event; Drug-resistant epilepsy; Efficacy; Focal epilepsy; Network meta-analysis; Seizure free rate.