Background: There is a need for improved primary palliative care (PC) education and resident comfort with providing end-of-life care.
Objective: Utilize a new instrument derived from published PC competencies to assess baseline Internal Medicine (IM) resident knowledge and self-efficacy in PC to identify educational gaps and create new PC curricula.
Design: We created a 2-part instrument including a Knowledge Test (KT) and a Self-Efficacy Inventory (SEI) addressing 18 PC resident competencies across 5 domains: Pain and Symptom Management (PSM), Communication (COMM), Psychosocial, Spiritual, and Cultural Aspects of Care (PSC), Terminal Care and Bereavement (TCB), and Palliative Care Principles and Practice (PCPP).
Setting/subjects: The instrument was emailed to IM residents at our institution during academic years 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.
Measurements: Basic descriptive statistics were performed for the KT and SEI. Mean Rank Analysis and One-way ANOVA were utilized for the KT and SEI, respectively. Congruence was calculated between knowledge and self-efficacy.
Results: The mean score on the KT was 73% (range 33-80%). There was no significant difference in knowledge among post-graduate year cohorts. Self-efficacy scores were lower for interns overall and in PCPP, TCB, and COMM domains. Knowledge was concordant with self-efficacy in 42% of participants, higher than self-efficacy in 10% of participants, and lower than self-efficacy in 48% of participants.
Conclusions: For approximately half of respondents, high self-efficacy in PC did not correlate with high PC knowledge. A more focused curriculum is needed to help IM residents facilitate mastery of PC competencies by graduation.
Keywords: end-of-life care; internal medicine; needs assessment; palliative care competencies; palliative care education; resident comfort; resident education; resident knowledge.