Comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for neonatal hearing loss in a large Brazilian cohort

Adriana R T Anastasio; Aparecida Y Yamamoto; Eduardo T Massuda; Alessandra K S Manfredi; Juliana M S Cavalcante; Bruno C P Lopes; Davi C Aragon; Suresh Boppana; Karen B Fowler; William J Britt; Marisa M Mussi-Pinhata

doi:10.1038/s41372-020-00807-8

Comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for neonatal hearing loss in a large Brazilian cohort

J Perinatol. 2021 Feb;41(2):315-323. doi: 10.1038/s41372-020-00807-8. Epub 2020 Sep 3.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. anastasi@fmrp.usp.br.
² Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.

PMID: 32884104
DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00807-8

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the incidence and risk factors of hearing loss (HL) in Brazilian neonates.

Study design: 11,900 neonates were screened for hearing and congenital CMV (cCMV). Low and high-risk babies who did not pass their hearing screening and infants with cCMV were scheduled for a diagnostic audiologic evaluation.

Results: The incidence of HL was 2 per 1000 live-born infants (95% CI: 1-3). HL was higher in high-risk neonates than in low risk babies (18.6 vs. 0.3/1000 live births, respectively). Among infants exposed to isolated risk factors, association of HL with craniofacial abnormalities/syndromes (RR = 24.47; 95% CI: 5.9-100.9) and cCMV (RR = 9.54; 95% CI: 3.3-27.7) were observed. HL was 20 to 100-fold more likely in neonates exposed to ototoxic drugs in combination with cCMV or craniofacial/congenital anomalies.

Conclusions: Strategies for the prevention of cCMV and exposure to ototoxic drugs may decrease the incidence of HL in this population.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cytomegalovirus Infections*
Hearing Loss* / diagnosis
Hearing Loss* / epidemiology
Hearing Loss* / etiology
Hearing Tests
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Neonatal Screening
Risk Factors