BACKGROUND Renal function is strongly associated with patient survival after liver transplantation. However, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after liver transplantation changes, especially in patients who receive diuretics or have urinary abnormalities. We aimed to elucidate how adjusting for these factors affecting eGFR predicted liver graft prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) between 2000 and 2017. The factors affecting eGFR were assessed, and the association between eGFR and prognosis was investigated using Cox regression models after adjusting for factors affecting renal function. RESULTS We enrolled 244 patients. The median observation period was 4.6 years, and 88 patients reached graft loss or death with a functioning graft. One year after transplantation, 193 patients were living, and one-third of these showed improved eGFR; most of the patients with improved eGFR had taken diuretics before transplantation. A Cox regression model adjusted for the classical risk factors showed that donor age (P<0.001) and lower eGFR (P=0.02) were the independent risk factors associated with poor prognosis. After adjusting for diuretics and urinary abnormalities, eGFR was more strongly associated with liver graft prognosis (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Pre-transplant eGFR was associated with prognosis following LDLT and had a stronger effect on prognosis after adjusting for factors affecting eGFR.