New multitarget directed benzimidazole-2-thiol-based heterocycles as prospective anti-radical and anti-Alzheimer's agents

Abstract

A series of new heterocycles (4-18) was synthesized by the structural modification of benzimidazole-2-thiol (BT, 2-MBI). The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed with the help of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and ¹ HNMR spectroscopy. High inhibitions of the oxidants such as ABTS and DPPH were observed for compounds 9 [IC₅₀ (s) = 167.4 μM (ABTS), 139.5 μM (DPPH)], 10 [IC₅₀ (s) = 186.5 μM (ABTS), 155.4 μM (DPPH)], 11 [IC₅₀ (s) = 286.1 μM (ABTS), 189.1 μM (DPPH)], 12 [IC₅₀ (s) = 310.8 μM (ABTS), 162.2 μM (DPPH)], 14 [IC₅₀ (s) = 281.3 μM (ABTS), 205.7 μM (DPPH)], 15 [IC₅₀ (s) = 284.1 μM (ABTS), 177.3 μM (DPPH)], and 16 [IC₅₀ (s) = 344.7 μM (ABTS), 270.2 μM (DPPH)] as compared with Ascorbic acid [IC₅₀ (s) = 340.9 μM (ABTS), 164.3 μM (DPPH)]. The anti-Alzheimer's activity was performed in vitro against cholinesterase enzymes (AChE, BChE). Compound 11 was able to show significant inhibitions [IC₅₀ (s) = 121.2 μM (AChE), 38.3 μM (BChE)] as against that of galantamine [IC₅₀ (s) = 139.4 μM (AChE), 40.3 μM (BChE)]. Compound 14 was found as a very good inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (IC₅₀ = 35.4 μM) as compared with standard galantamine. Molecular docking was further performed to investigate the mechanism of anticholinesterase activity.

Keywords: anti-Alzheimer's; anti-radical; benzimidazole-2-thiol; heterocycles; molecular docking.