Background: Emerging evidence points to heart failure as being a common first presentation of cardiovascular (CV) disease in type 2 diabetes.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) occurs more or less frequently than major adverse CV events (MACE) in people with type 2 diabetes.
Data sources: Placebo arms of CV outcomes trials in type 2 diabetes were included.
Study selection: Sixteen CV outcomes trials were selected, including five dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor trials, seven glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist trials, and four sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor trials.
Data extraction: We extracted incidence rates of HHF, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and the composite outcomes of CV death or HHF and MACE (CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke).
Data synthesis: In two trials enriched with people with chronic kidney disease, HHF was more common than both MI and stroke. Among the remaining 14 trials, HHF was less frequent than MI in 13 (93%), with this difference being significant in 8 (57%); however, HHF surpassed stroke in all but 1 study (93%; significant in 7 studies [50%]). Heterogeneity among trials was moderate/high (I 2 >50%) and partly explained by HHF/MI correlating with age and previous MI history (P < 0.05). In seven trials that reported events stratified by presence/absence of preexisting CV disease, ratios of HHF/MI and HHF/stroke were similar between groups.
Limitations: Enrichment of trial populations with those at high risk of CV events limits generalizability.
Conclusions: Although less frequent than MI, HHF is a common event in type 2 diabetes, both in those with and those without prior CV disease.
© 2020 by the American Diabetes Association.