1 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago; Departments of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Electronic address: lhu@facs.org.
2 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
3 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
4 Departments of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
5 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago; Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
6 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago; Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL.
7 Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
8 Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons, Chicago; Departments of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
9 Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
10 Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Johns Hopkins Medicine, Armstrong Institute for Quality and Safety, Baltimore, MD.