Background: Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) applied via tracheostomy tubes in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who are on home mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy is an effective procedure for respiratory secretion management. Nonetheless, tenacious secretions may remain and increase the risk of respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether adding oscillations to MI-E could reduce the rate of respiratory infections and the need for bronchoscopy to remove secretions in patients with ALS on home mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy.
Methods: This was a 2-y, prospective, crossover study. Subjects were treated with conventional MI-E and MI-E with oscillations for 2 alternate 6-month periods. Data were collected on episodes of respiratory infections, hospital admission, and number of bronchoscopy procedures.
Results: In the 19 ALS subjects enrolled, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) number of acute respiratory infections per subject was 1.0 (0.5-2.0) in the MI-E period and 0.0 (0.0-2.0) in the MI-E plus oscillations period (P = .92). The median (IQR) number of hospital stays was 0.0 (0.0-1.0) in the MI-E period and 0.0 (0.0-1.0) in the MI-E plus oscillations period (P = .80). The median (IQR) number of bronchoscopies per subject was 0.0 (0.0-1.0) in MI-E period and 0.0 (0.0-0.5) in the MI-E plus oscillations period (P = .26). MI-E plus oscillations treatment had no impact on the risk of respiratory infections (odds ratio 3.71, 95% CI 0.81-16.84, P = .09) or the need for bronchoscopy (odds ratio 2.70, 95% CI 0.44-16.68, P = .29).
Conclusions: Adding oscillations to MI-E therapy in subjects with ALS on home mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy did not decrease the risk of respiratory infections, hospital admission, or need for bronchoscopy.
Keywords: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; long-term mechanical ventilation; mechanical insufflation-exsufflation; respiratory failure; respiratory secretions; tracheostomy.
Copyright © 2021 by Daedalus Enterprises.