Losing weight for a better health: Role for the gut microbiota

Maria Carlota Dao; Amandine Everard; Karine Clément; Patrice D Cani

doi:10.1016/j.yclnex.2015.12.001

Losing weight for a better health: Role for the gut microbiota

Clin Nutr Exp. 2016 Apr:6:39-58. doi: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2015.12.001.

Authors

Maria Carlota Dao^{1

2

3}, Amandine Everard⁴, Karine Clément^{1

2

3}, Patrice D Cani⁴

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
² INSERM, UMR S U1166, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
³ Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, Nutriomics Team, Paris, France.
⁴ Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Av. E. Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.11, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.

Abstract

In recent years, there have been several reviews on gut microbiota, obesity and cardiometabolism summarizing interventions that may impact the gut microbiota and have beneficial effects on the host (some examples include [1-3]). In this review we discuss how the gut microbiota changes with weight loss (WL) interventions in relation to clinical and dietary parameters. We also evaluate available evidence on the heterogeneity of response to these interventions. Two important questions were generated in this regard: 1) Can response to an intervention be predicted? 2) Could pre-intervention modifications to the gut microbiota optimize WL and metabolic improvement? Finally, we have delineated some recommendations for future research, such as the importance of assessment of diet and other environmental exposures in WL intervention studies, and the need to shift to more integrative approaches of data analysis.

Keywords: Gastric bypass; Gut microbiota; Obesity; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Weight loss.