The desensitization pathway of GABAA receptors, one subunit at a time

Nat Commun. 2020 Oct 23;11(1):5369. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19218-6.

Abstract

GABAA receptors mediate most inhibitory synaptic transmission in the brain of vertebrates. Following GABA binding and fast activation, these receptors undergo a slower desensitization, the conformational pathway of which remains largely elusive. To explore the mechanism of desensitization, we used concatemeric α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors to selectively introduce gain-of-desensitization mutations one subunit at a time. A library of twenty-six mutant combinations was generated and their bi-exponential macroscopic desensitization rates measured. Introducing mutations at the different subunits shows a strongly asymmetric pattern with a key contribution of the γ2 subunit, and combining mutations results in marked synergistic effects indicating a non-concerted mechanism. Kinetic modelling indeed suggests a pathway where subunits move independently, the desensitization of two subunits being required to occlude the pore. Our work thus hints towards a very diverse and labile conformational landscape during desensitization, with potential implications in physiology and pharmacology.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Computer Simulation
  • Ion Channels
  • Ion Transport
  • Kinetics
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Mutation
  • Nervous System / metabolism*
  • Oocytes
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Subunits / genetics
  • Protein Subunits / metabolism
  • Receptors, GABA-A / chemistry*
  • Receptors, GABA-A / genetics
  • Receptors, GABA-A / metabolism*
  • Synaptic Transmission / physiology*
  • Xenopus laevis / metabolism

Substances

  • Ion Channels
  • Protein Subunits
  • Receptors, GABA-A