Beneficial effects of vitamin D on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress by suppression of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2021 Apr;394(4):655-667. doi: 10.1007/s00210-020-02002-0. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of vitamin D (Vit D) on anxiety and depression-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress and brain tissue oxidative damage criteria and neuroinflammation in rats. The rats were treated as follows: (1) control, (2) UCMS, (3-5) Vit D 100, 1000, and 10,000 iu + UCMS. Rats were subjected to UCMS for a total of 4 weeks. During week 4, they received seven training trials. The brains were then collected to examine inflammation and oxidative stress criteria. Pretreatment with Vit D enhanced performances of the rats in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) and forced swimming test (FST). UCMS also increased MDA and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels while decreased CAT, SOD, and thiol. Vit D reversed the effects of UCMS. The results of the current research revealed that Vit D improved UCMS-induced anxiety and depression via decreasing brain oxidative stress and inhibiting neuroinflammation.

Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Neuroinflammation; Oxidative stress; Unpredictable chronic mild stress; Vitamin D.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / therapeutic use*
  • Anxiety / drug therapy*
  • Anxiety / metabolism
  • Behavior, Animal / drug effects
  • Brain / drug effects
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Catalase / metabolism
  • Depression / drug therapy*
  • Depression / metabolism
  • Inflammation / drug therapy
  • Inflammation / metabolism
  • Interleukin-6 / metabolism
  • Male
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Stress, Psychological / drug therapy*
  • Stress, Psychological / metabolism
  • Sulfhydryl Compounds / metabolism
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Vitamin D / pharmacology
  • Vitamin D / therapeutic use*
  • Vitamins / pharmacology
  • Vitamins / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Il6 protein, rat
  • Interleukin-6
  • Sulfhydryl Compounds
  • Vitamins
  • Vitamin D
  • Malondialdehyde
  • Catalase
  • Superoxide Dismutase