Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of focal atrial tachycardia (FAT) and the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in pediatric FAT. Methods: A total of 125 children with FAT who were treated with RFCA in the First Hospital of Tsinghua University from January 2010 to July 2018 were involved in the study. The clinical characteristics, origin of FAT, success rate of RFCA and recurrence rate and complications post RFCA were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacy and X-ray radiation were compared between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D mapping system by t test or Chi-square analysis. Results: Among the 125 children, 57 were males and 68 females, age of (7.6±3.5) years old and body weight of (27.7±13.3) kg; and 62 (49.6%) had paroxysmal FAT, and 63 (50.4%) incessant FAT. Twenty-seven patients (21.6%) presented with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC), and 22 of whom (81.5%) were secondary to the incessant FATs. Most of the FATs originated from atrial auricle (46/125, 36.8%). Ablation was successful in 111 children (88.8%), and the recurrence rate was 25.2% (28/111). No complications were identified in the whole group. The efficacy and safety of 3D mapping system (87 cases) was better than that of the 2D mapping system (38 cases), according to the lower recurrence rate ((19.0% (15/79) vs. 40.6% (13/32), χ2 = 3.849, P=0.049), shorter X-ray exposure time ((4.9±2.3) vs. (12.5±5.7) min, t=7.942, P<0.01) and lower radiation doses ((5.3±3.3) vs. (10.9±3.7) mGy, t=8.038, P<0.01). Conclusions: FAT in children is mainly originated from atrial auricle, and incessant FAT is prone to progress to tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. RFCA is safe and effective for drug-resistant or drug-intolerant FAT in children, and 3D mapping system should be preferred.
目的： 探讨儿童局灶性房性心动过速（简称房速）的临床特征和射频消融效果。 方法： 入选2010年1月至2018年7月在清华大学第一附属医院接受射频消融的局灶性房速患儿125例为研究对象。回顾性分析局灶性房速患儿的临床特征，不同起源部位房速射频消融成功率、复发率及并发症，并对比二维及三维标测方法射频消融的效果及X线辐射剂量。组间比较采用t检验或χ2检验。 结果： 125例患儿中，男57例、女68例，接受手术时年龄（7.6±3.5）岁，体重（27.7±13.3）kg，62例（49.6%）为短阵频发性房速，63例（50.4%）为无休止性房速。27例（21.6%）并发心动过速性心肌病，其中22例（81.5%）继发于无休止性房速。房速起源以心耳最为多见（46/125，36.8%）。125例患儿中的111例（88.8%）射频消融获成功，消融失败14例（11.2%），复发28例（25.2%），无并发症发生。三维标测消融组（87例）随访复发率［19.0%（15/79）比40.6%（13/32），χ²=3.849，P=0.049］、透视时间［（4.9±2.3）比（12.5±5.7）min， t=7.942， P<0.01］、X线辐射剂量［（5.3±3.3）比（10.9±3.7）mGy， t=8.038， P<0.01］明显低于二维标测消融组（38例）。 结论： 儿童局灶性房速以心耳起源最为常见，持续无休止性房速更易进展为心动过速性心肌病。对于抗心律失常药物治疗无效或不耐受的局灶性房速患儿，射频消融是安全有效的治疗方法，三维标测消融优于二维标测消融。.
Keywords: Catheter ablation; Child; Tachycardia, ectopic atrial.