Objective: To analyze the indication, efficacy and complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in children with severe tachycardia. Methods: The retrospective study collected the clinical data of 6 patients who accepted ICD implantation in Shanghai Children's Medical Center from January 2009 to January 2020. The etiologies of tachycardia, procedure of the ICD implantation and the operation associated complications were analyzed. Results: The 6 patients aged from 6 years and 5 months to 16 years and 2 months, and their weight were from 15.4 kg to 49.8 kg. Three patients were diagnosed with long QT syndrome, and the remaining three with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lethal cardiac channelopathy, respectively. All the patients suffered from drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia or ventricular vibration before the operation. After the ICD implantation, 3 patients had electric storm, which was alleviated after analgesics-sedatives treatment with chlorpromazine, dexmedetomidine or midazolam combined with fentanyl, as well as reset of the ICD parameters and support from psychological consultation. The other 3 patients did not undergo any complications as the above comprehensive strategies were given after the operation prophylactically. All patients continued anti-arrhythmic medicine after the operation and all survived at the end of the follow-up period lasted from 1 month to 7 years. Two patients had ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular vibration, which were successfully recognized and defibrillated by ICD. Conclusions: ICD implantation is safe and effective in children and adolescent patients. The electric storm may happen after operation, which could be prevented by the comprehensive strategies including appropriate ICD parameter-setting, analgesics-sedatives treatment and psychological support.
目的： 分析儿童埋藏式自动心律转复除颤器（ICD）植入病例的临床特点、植入效果、术后并发症情况及处理对策。 方法： 回顾性分析2009年1月至2020年1月在上海儿童医学中心接受ICD植入的6例患儿的临床及随访资料，分析其病因、术后并发症及处理情况。 结果： 患儿年龄6岁5月龄~16岁2月龄，体重15.4~49.8 kg。其中3例为长QT综合征；1例为儿茶酚胺敏感性室性心动过速；1例为肥厚性心肌病；另1例为心脏离子通道病。所有患儿植入前均有室性心动过速、心室颤动发作病史，且药物治疗无改善。ICD植入后3例患儿出现术后电风暴，分别给予氯丙嗪、右美托咪定或咪达唑仑联合芬太尼镇静镇痛后好转，并调整ICD参数（关闭抗心动过速起搏、上调除颤阈值及除颤能量），接受心理干预；另3例患儿术后即接受咪达唑仑联合芬太尼镇静镇痛，并优化ICD参数设置，按需进行心理辅导，均无并发症发生。所有患儿术后继续给予抗心律失常药物治疗，并密切随访。随访1个月~7年，至末次随访均存活，2例患儿曾有室性心动过速、心室颤动事件发生，ICD成功识别并除颤成功。 结论： ICD植入术在儿童及青少年病例中具备可操作性，且能有效预防猝死发生。术后易出现电风暴， 合适的参数设置以及镇静、镇痛药物使用配合、心理干预等有助于降低电风暴发生率。.
Keywords: Child; Defibrillators, implantable; Retrospective studies.