Does Physical Activity Matter for the Mental Health of University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Aleksandra M Rogowska; Iuliia Pavlova; Cezary Kuśnierz; Dominika Ochnik; Ivanna Bodnar; Petro Petrytsa

doi:10.3390/jcm9113494

Does Physical Activity Matter for the Mental Health of University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 29;9(11):3494. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113494.

Authors

Aleksandra M Rogowska¹, Iuliia Pavlova², Cezary Kuśnierz³, Dominika Ochnik⁴, Ivanna Bodnar², Petro Petrytsa⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
² Theory and Methods of Physical Culture Department, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, 79007 Lviv, Ukraine.
³ Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-378 Opole, Poland.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland.
⁵ Department of Physical Education, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, 46027 Ternopil, Ukraine.

Abstract

Research indicates that university and college students are at higher risk of experiencing mental health problems than other populations. This study aims to examine the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and the mental health of Ukrainian university students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown. The conventional sample consisted of 1512 students from 11 Ukrainian universities, with a mean age of 20 years (M = 20.06, SD = 3.05) and 69% of whom were female. The cross-sectional online survey was disseminated through the most popular social media channels in Ukraine (i.e., Facebook, Viber, Telegram) and included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale to measure anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess depression. Data were collected from 14 May to 4 June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Ukraine. Among university students, 43% were engaged in PA ≥ 150 min weekly, 24% met the criteria of GAD, and 32% met the criteria of depression. More students were involved in PA before the COVID-19 outbreak than during the national lockdown. Students with anxiety and depression were almost two times less likely to engage in PA than their counterparts without mental health disorders. The inactive group had higher scores of anxiety and depression than the physically active group. The relationship of PA with anxiety and depression was statistically significant but weak during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: GAD-7; PHQ-9; anxiety; depression; physical activity (PA); undergraduates; university students.