Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with multiple long-term complications. Besides macro- and microvascular complications, patient's well-being can be severely impaired by complications affecting the nervous system. About 50 % of patients with diabetes suffer from polyneuropathy. Moreover, the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia is also increased in older people with diabetes. Insufficient glycemic control, young age at diagnosis of diabetes are discussed as risk factors for developing diabetes complications. The early identification and prevention of factors predicting diabetes complications that affect the nervous system are still challenging and in need for further research.
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