A report is presented on a 43-year-old patient with a subacute endocarditis due to an immunovasculitis and a bloodstream infection caused by Lactobacillus plantarum. The causative agent was isolated six times from blood cultures. L. plantarum was identified according to the standard methods in anaerobe diagnostics (biochemical reactions and gas chromatography). Twenty-two isolations of lactobacilli from bloodstream infection are described in the literature.