Pulmonary Edema: A Pictorial Review of Imaging Manifestations and Current Understanding of Mechanisms of Disease

Maria Barile

doi:10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100274

Pulmonary Edema: A Pictorial Review of Imaging Manifestations and Current Understanding of Mechanisms of Disease

Eur J Radiol Open. 2020 Oct 30;7:100274. doi: 10.1016/j.ejro.2020.100274. eCollection 2020.

Author

Maria Barile¹

Affiliation

¹ Department of Radiology at University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.

Abstract

Pulmonary edema is a common clinical entity caused by the extravascular movement of fluid into the pulmonary interstitium and alveoli. The four physiologic categories of edema include hydrostatic pressure edema, permeability edema with and without diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and mixed edema where there is both an increase in hydrostatic pressure and membrane permeability. As radiographic manifestations and etiologies are varied, an appreciation for both the common and uncommon manifestations and causes of pulmonary edema is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords: ARDS; ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CT; CT, Computed Tomography; CXR, Chest X-Ray; Chest radiograph; DAD, Diffuse alveolar damage; Hydrostatic edema; PA, Pulmonary artery; PE, Pulmonary embolus; PVOD, Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease; Permeability edema; Pulmonary edema.