Molecular Blood Group Screening in Donors from Arabian Countries and Iran Using High-Throughput MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and PCR-SSP

Brigitte Katharina Flesch; Vanessa Scherer; Burkhard Just; Andreas Opitz; Oswin Ochmann; Anne Janson; Monika Steitz; Thomas Zeiler

doi:10.1159/000505495

Molecular Blood Group Screening in Donors from Arabian Countries and Iran Using High-Throughput MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and PCR-SSP

Transfus Med Hemother. 2020 Oct;47(5):396-408. doi: 10.1159/000505495. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Authors

Brigitte Katharina Flesch^{1

2}, Vanessa Scherer¹, Burkhard Just², Andreas Opitz¹, Oswin Ochmann¹, Anne Janson¹, Monika Steitz¹, Thomas Zeiler²

Affiliations

¹ German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.
² German Red Cross Blood Service West, Hagen, Germany.

Abstract

Background and aims: Only little is known about blood groups other than ABO blood groups and Rhesus factors in Arabian countries and Iran. During the last years, increased migration to Central Europe has put a focus on the question how to guarantee blood supply for patients from these countries, particularly because hemoglobinopathies with the need of regular blood support are more frequent in patients from that region. Therefore, blood group allele frequencies should be determined in individuals from Arabian countries and Iran by molecular typing and compared to a German rare donor panel.

Methods: 1,111 samples including 800 individuals from Syria, 147 from Iran, 123 from the Arabian Peninsula, and 41 from Northern African countries were included in a MALDI-TOF MS assay to detect polymorphisms coding for Kk, Fy(a/b), Fy_null, C_w, Jk(a/b), Jo(a+/a-), Lu(a/b), Lu(8/14), Ss, Do(a/b), Co(a/b), In(a/b), Js(a/b), Kp(a/b), and variant alleles RHCE*c.697C>G and RHCE *c.733C>G. Yt(a/b), S-s-U-, Vel_null, Co_null, and RHCE *c.667G>T were tested by PCR-SSP.

Results: Of the Arabian donors, 2% were homozygous for the FY *02.01N allele (Fy_null), and 15.7% carried the heterozygous mutation. However, 0.8% of the German donors also carried 1 copy of the allele. 3.6% of all and 29.3% of Northern African donors were heterozygous for the RHCE *c.733C>G substitution, 0.4% of the Syrian probands were heterozygous for DO *01/DO *01.-05, a genotype that was lacking in German donors. Whereas the KEL *02.06 allele coding for the Js(a) phenotype was missing in Germans; 0.8% of the Syrian donors carried 1 copy of this allele. 1.8% of the Syrian but only 0.3% of the German donors were negative for YT *01. One donor from Northern Africa homo-zygously carried the GYPB *270+5g>t mutation, inducing the S-s-U+^w phenotype, and in 2 German donors a GYPB *c.161G>A exchange, which induces the Mit+ phenotype, caused a GYPB *03 allele dropout in the MALDI assay. The overall failure rate of the Arabian panel was 0.4%.

Conclusions: Some blood group alleles that are largely lacking in Europeans but had been described in African individuals are present in Arabian populations at a somewhat lower frequency. In single cases, it could be challenging to provide immunized Arabian patients with compatible blood.

Keywords: Arabian donors; Blood groups; Donor screening; Genotyping; MALDI-TOF MS; Molecular blood group typing; PCR.