Effectiveness of a serious game on the self-concept of children with visual impairments: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Young children with visual impairments (VIs) are at high risk for mental disorders, due to victimization and subsequent social withdrawal. Children with VIs have been shown to have a poorer self-concept and lower general psychosocial well-being compared with peers without VIs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a serious game to improve psychosocial outcomes in children with VIs.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the computer game See for children with VIs. The game was developed based on rational-emotive behavioral therapy principles, with the aim of addressing self-concept (academic, social, and general), psychosocial well-being (social inclusion, exclusion, and emotions), and coping strategies (approach, avoidance). Sixty-four children aged 6-8 years were randomized to the intervention group, who played the game, or a control group, who received care-as-usual (CAU).

Results: Our results showed that children with VIs who played the serious game scored significantly higher on academic self-concept and social inclusion compared with the control group. Furthermore, children rated the game positively, suggesting the desirability, validity, and feasibility of the intervention.

Conclusions: The results provide preliminary evidence that a serious game can enhance psychosocial outcomes in children with VIs. This approach might also promote positive educational outcomes, such as academic achievement, and reduce the stigma of therapy for children with VIs. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Keywords: Randomized controlled trial; Rational-emotive behavioral therapy; Serious game intervention; Socio-educational outcomes; Visual impairments.