Melanoma in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Abstract

In this review, we analyze the 3 clinical scenarios related to the development of melanoma in solid organ transplant recipients: melanoma in patients with a history of the tumor prior to a transplant, de novo melanoma following a transplant, and melanoma of donor origin. The main factors to consider in organ-transplant candidates with a history of melanoma are tumor stage, presence or absence of residual disease, and time from diagnosis to transplantation. Solid organ transplant recipients have a greater risk of melanoma than immunocompetent individuals. Mortality is also higher in this population, especially in patients with advanced melanoma, as treatment is especially challenging. Clinical history and physical examination provide the most useful information for preventing donor-to-recipient transmission of melanoma. Donor-derived melanoma has a very poor prognosis.

Keywords: Cáncer cutáneo; Dabrafenib; Ipilimumab; Melanoma; Nivolumab; Pembrolizumab; Skin cancer; Solid organ transplant; Trasplante de órgano sólido; Vemurafenib.