Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iran using spoligotyping

R Ramazanzadeh; P Shakib; S Rouhi; B Mohammadi; P Mohajeri; S Borji

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100767

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Iran using spoligotyping

New Microbes New Infect. 2020 Sep 28:38:100767. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100767. eCollection 2020 Nov.

Authors

R Ramazanzadeh^{1

2}, P Shakib³, S Rouhi^{4

5}, B Mohammadi^{1

2}, P Mohajeri⁶, S Borji⁷

Affiliations

¹ Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
² Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
³ Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
⁴ Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
⁵ Clinical Research Development Unit, Kosar Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
⁶ Nosocomial Infections Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁷ Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Spoligotyping can help assess the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. We aimed to study the genotyping of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with tuberculosis from the west of Iran by spoligotyping. Forty-seven M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from the west of Iran. All samples were cultured on Löwenstein-Jensen medium incubated at 37°C for 8 weeks. Bacterial isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis using standard biochemical tests. Drug resistance patterns of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin and isoniazid were determined, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated. After DNA extraction, spoligotyping was performed. We found new spoligotypes 4162 and 4163, which correlated with atypical lineage. Atypical and unknown lineages also had correlations with the MDR tuberculosis rate (4%). The most prevalent spoligointernational types were orphan (34%), 2669 (23.4%) and 127 (14.8%) types. The most prevalent clades were Ural-2 (NEW-1) (25.53%) and atypical (23.40%) lineages. The predominant clade was Ural-2 (NEW-1) and an atypical lineage restricted to Iran. The rate of MDR was low. Knowledge of the circulating isolates in the west of Iran will help implement control programmes, so knowledge of the dynamic transmission of local isolates is crucial.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Iran; Molecular; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Spoligotyping.