Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH4NO3-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles

Shujahadeen B Aziz; M A Brza; Iver Brevik; M H Hamsan; Rebar T Abdulwahid; S R Majid; M F Z Kadir; Sarkawt A Hussen; Ranjdar M Abdullah

doi:10.3390/polym12112718

Characteristics of Glycerolized Chitosan: NH₄NO₃-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Energy Storage Devices with Extremely High Specific Capacitance and Energy Density Over 1000 Cycles

Polymers (Basel). 2020 Nov 17;12(11):2718. doi: 10.3390/polym12112718.

Authors

Shujahadeen B Aziz^{1

2}, M A Brza³, Iver Brevik⁴, M H Hamsan⁵, Rebar T Abdulwahid¹, S R Majid⁶, M F Z Kadir⁵, Sarkawt A Hussen¹, Ranjdar M Abdullah¹

Affiliations

¹ Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
² Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq.
³ Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
⁵ Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
⁶ Centre for Ionics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Abstract

In this work, plasticized polymer electrolyte films consisting of chitosan, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) and glycerol for utilization in energy storage devices was presented. Various microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the concerned electrolyte and the electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) assembly. The nature of complexation between the polymer electrolyte components was examined via X-ray diffraction analysis. In the morphological study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to investigate the impact of glycerol as a plasticizer on the morphology of films. The polymer electrolyte (conducting membrane) was found to have a conductivity of 3.21 × 10^-3 S/cm. It is indicated that the number density (n), mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D) of ions are increased with the glycerol amount. The mechanism of charge storing was clarified, which implies a non-Faradaic process. The voltage window of the polymer electrolyte is 2.32 V. It was proved that the ion is responsible for charge-carrying via measuring the transference number (TNM). It was also determined that the internal resistance of the EDLC assembly lay between 39 and 50 Ω. The parameters associated with the EDLC assembly are of great importance and the specific capacitance (C_spe) was determined to be almost constant over 1 to 1000 cycles with an average of 124 F/g. Other decisive parameters were found: energy density (18 Wh/kg) and power density (2700 W/kg).

Keywords: EDLC device; TNM and LSV measurement; XRD study; biopolymer electrolyte; energy storage; impedance spectroscopy; ion transport parameters.