Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement

Excerpt

Mechanical aortic valve replacement (MAVR) is a critical intervention for patients with severe aortic valve disease compromising valvular functionality, including aortic stenosis and regurgitation. The procedure involves the surgical implantation of a mechanical prosthetic valve designed to replicate the native valve's function while offering durability that often surpasses that of bioprosthetic valves; mechanical valves can last for approximately 20 years. Since the first successful aortic valve replacement in the 1960s, significant advancements have been made in valve design, surgical techniques, and perioperative care, contributing to improved patient outcomes.

Mechanical valves are favored in certain patient populations due to their long-term durability. They often outlast biological valves, which tend to degrade over time. Patients, especially younger individuals or those without contraindications to lifelong anticoagulation therapy, may benefit from the durability of a mechanical valve, reducing the likelihood of reoperation. However, the requirement for lifelong anticoagulation presents unique challenges, as it increases the risk of bleeding complications. This activity for healthcare professionals reviews the indications, patient selection, surgical techniques, anticoagulation management, and long-term outcomes of MAVR and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving outcomes for patients who undergo this procedure.