Evaluation of a Two-Tier Screening Pathway for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the New South Wales Newborn Screening Programme

Fei Lai; Shubha Srinivasan; Veronica Wiley

doi:10.3390/ijns6030063

Evaluation of a Two-Tier Screening Pathway for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the New South Wales Newborn Screening Programme

Int J Neonatal Screen. 2020 Aug 12;6(3):63. doi: 10.3390/ijns6030063. eCollection 2020 Sep.

Authors

Fei Lai^{1

2}, Shubha Srinivasan^{2

3}, Veronica Wiley^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of NSW Newborn Screening Programme, The Sydney Children Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; veronica.wiley@health.nsw.gov.au.
² Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; shubha.srinivasan@health.nsw.gov.au.
³ Department of Endocrinology, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.

Abstract

In Australia, all newborns born in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australia Capital Territory (ACT) have been offered screening for rare congenital conditions through the NSW Newborn Screening Programme since 1964. Following the development of the Australian Newborn Bloodspot Screening National Policy Framework, screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was included in May 2018. As part of the assessment for addition of CAH, the national working group recommended a two-tier screening protocol determining 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) concentration by immunoassay followed by steroid profile. A total of 202,960 newborns were screened from the 1 May 2018 to the 30 April 2020. A threshold level of 17OHP from first tier immunoassay over 22 nmol/L and/or top 2% of the daily assay was further tested using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) steroid profiling for 17OHP (MS17OHP), androstenedione (A4) and cortisol. Samples with a ratio of (MS17OHP + A4)/cortisol > 2 and MS17OHP > 200 nmol/L were considered as presumptive positive. These newborns were referred for clinical review with a request for diagnostic testing and a confirmatory repeat dried blood spot (DBS). There were 10 newborns diagnosed with CAH, (9 newborns with salt wasting CAH). So far, no known false negatives have been notified, and the protocol has a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.9% and a positive predictive value of 71.4%. All confirmed cases commenced treatment by day 11, with none reported as having an adrenal crisis by the start of treatment.

Keywords: 17-α hydroxyprogesterone; congenital adrenal hyperplasia; immunoassay; liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; newborn screening; screening pathway.