Quality of life in tongue cancer treated patients before and after speech therapy: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Introduction: Tongue cancer is one of the most common subtypes of head and neck cancer. The aggressive effects of treatment cause aesthetic, psychosocial and functional deficits, especially dysphagia, which affects patient quality of life. Rehabilitation, which is essential for functional maximum recovery, helps patients deal with new and altered structures and has a positive impact on quality of life.

Objective: To verify the impact of speech therapy on swallowing quality of life in tongue cancer patients after treatment.

Methods: This parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted at a public hospital in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Before and after the intervention, a quality of life questionnaire (the Deglutition Handicap Index) was employed, dysphagia severity was assessed with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, and the Functional Oral Intake Scale carried out. The experimental group underwent four-week sessions of speech therapy over one month, while the control group received the institution's usual follow-up.

Results: Thirty individuals treated for tongue cancer were divided into a study and a control group. Deglutition Handicap Index scores decreased significantly (approximately 40 points) (p < 0.001) after the intervention in the study group. There was a significant correlation between improved quality of life, reduced dysphagia severity and increased in Functional Oral Intake Scale scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: After speech therapy, quality of life scores related to deglutition and dysphagia severity improved in patients treated for tongue cancer.

Keywords: Deglutition disorders; Quality of life; Randomized controlled trial; Speech therapy; Tongue neoplasms.