Introduction: Radiography has played a fundamental role in the advancement of nonsurgical root canal therapy (NSRCT), allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment. Typically, providers choose to perform NSRCT using periapical (PA) radiographs alone or, often in more difficult cases, in conjunction with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of NSRCT based on imaging modality selection for the initial treatment of maxillary first molars.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted using 1385 cases of NSRCT on maxillary first molars. Charts were reviewed for patient demographics and treatment outcomes. Based on the imaging modality used, patients were stratified into 2 groups (PA radiographs alone or PA radiographs + CBCT imaging). Those who required additional treatment(s) after the completion of NSRCT were classified as having "posttreatment disease." Statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences between groups.
Results: After the completion of primary endodontic therapy, 5.8% (n = 81) of the entire sample had posttreatment disease. CBCT imaging was used in 13.4% (n = 185) of NSRCTs. Although not significant, cases that were difficult enough to require the use of CBCT imaging had a higher rate of posttreatment disease compared to those that could be completed with PA radiographs alone (8.6% vs 5.4%, P > .05). Results from a multivariable logistic regression model showed that the need for CBCT imaging had a nonsignificant positive association with posttreatment disease (P > .05).
Conclusions: The decision to use CBCT imaging appears to serve as a proxy for case complexity and the associated increase in risk of posttreatment disease. This is important to keep in mind when assessing treatment prognosis.
Keywords: Chart review; cone-beam computed tomography; endodontic outcomes; maxillary molar.
Copyright © 2020 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.