Objective: To compare the rates of acceptance of colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test (FIT), or a novel risk-adapted screening approach in the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program. Related risk factors were also studied. Methods: The study has been based on an ongoing randomized controlled trial on colorectal cancer screening programs in six centers of research since May 2018. The involved participants were those who presented at the baseline screening phase. All the participants were randomly allocated into one of the following three intervention arms in a 1∶2∶2 ratio: colonoscopy group, FIT group, and a novel risk-adapted screening group. All the participants underwent risk assessment on CRC by an established risk score system. The subjects with high-risk were recommended to undertake the colonoscopy while the low-risk ones were receiving the FIT. Detailed epidemiological data was collected through questionnaires and clinical examinations. Rates of participation and compliance in all three groups were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the potential associated factors related to the acceptance of screening. Results: There were 19 546 eligible participants involved in the study, including 3 916 in the colonoscopy group, 7 854 in the FIT group, and 7 776 in the novel risk-adapted screening group, respectively. Among the 19 546 participants, the mean age was 60.5 years (SD=6.5), and 8 154 (41.7%) were males. The rates of participation in the colonoscopy, FIT and the novel risk-adapted screening groups were 42.5%, 94.0% and 85.2%, respectively. In the novel risk-adapted screening group, the participation rate was 49.2% for the high-risk participants who need to undertake colonoscopy and was 94.0% for the low-risk ones who need to undertake FIT. Results from the multivariate logistic regression models demonstrated that there were several factors associated with the rates of participation in CRC screening, including age, background of education, history of smoking cigarettes, previous history of bowel examination, chronic inflammatory bowel disease and family history of CRC among the 1(st)-degree relatives. Conclusions: FIT and the novel risk-adapted screening approach showed superior participation rates to the colonoscopy. Further efforts including health promotion campaign for specific target population are needed to improve the engagement which ensures the effectiveness of CRC screening programs.
目的： 探讨结肠镜、免疫法粪便隐血试验（FIT）和新型风险评估筛查方案的人群筛查参与率及其影响因素。 方法： 基于在全国6个中心开展的人群结直肠癌筛查随机对照试验（2018年5月至今），纳入基线招募的符合条件受试者，按照1∶2∶2比例随机分配至以下3组：结肠镜组、FIT组和新型风险评估筛查方案组（受试者经过风险评估，高风险者接受结肠镜检查，低风险者接受FIT检测）。收集受试者流行病学调查问卷和临床检查等信息。计算不同筛查方案的参与率，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析探讨筛查参与率的影响因素。 结果： 共纳入19 546例符合研究条件的受试者，经过随机化分组，分配至结肠镜组3 916例、FIT组7 854例、新型风险评估筛查方案组7 776例。在19 546例受试者中，男性为8 154例（41.7%），年龄为（60.5±6.5）岁。结肠镜组、FIT组和新型风险评估筛查方案组的参与率分别为42.5%、94.0%和85.2%，其中在新型风险评估筛查方案组中，高风险者接受结肠镜检查的参与率为49.2%，低风险者接受FIT检测的参与率为94.0%。多因素分析提示年龄、文化程度、吸烟史、既往结肠镜检查史、慢性结肠炎史和一级亲属结直肠癌家族史与筛查参与率相关。 结论： FIT和新型风险评估筛查方案组参与率显著优于结肠镜筛查。在未来需对特定人群开展健康宣教以提高结直肠癌筛查人群参与率，从而保证人群结直肠癌筛查效果和效益。.
Keywords: Colorectal neoplasm; Participation; Screening.