Core competencies required by toxicology graduates in order to function effectively in a Poisons Information Centre: A Delphi study

C J Marks; A J N Louw; I Couper

doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2020.05.011

Core competencies required by toxicology graduates in order to function effectively in a Poisons Information Centre: A Delphi study

Afr J Emerg Med. 2020 Dec;10(4):173-180. doi: 10.1016/j.afjem.2020.05.011. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Authors

C J Marks^{1

2}, A J N Louw¹, I Couper^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Health Professions Education, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
² Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
³ Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health, Stellenboch University, South Africa.

Abstract

Introduction: The availability of trained Medical Toxicologists in developing countries is limited and education in Medical Toxicology remains inadequate. The lack of toxicology services contributes to a knowledge gap in the management of poisonings. A need existed to investigate the core competencies required by toxicology graduates to effectively operate in a Poisons Information Centre. The aim of this study was to obtain consensus from an expert group of health care workers on these core competencies. This was done by making use of the Delphi technique.

Methodology: The Delphi survey started with a set of carefully selected questions drawn from various sources including a literature review and exploration of existing curricula. To capture the collective opinion of experts in South Africa, Africa and also globally, three different groups were invited to participate in the study. To build and manage the questionnaire, the secure Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) web platform was used.

Results: A total of 134 competencies were selected for the three rounds and in the end consensus was reached on 118 (88%) items. Panel members agreed that 113 (96%) of these items should be incorporated in a Medical Toxicology curriculum and five (4%) should be excluded.

Discussion: All participants agreed that effective communication is an essential skill for toxicology graduates. The curriculum can address this problem by including effective pedagogy to enhance oral and written communication skills.Feedback from panellists indicated that the questionnaires were country-specific and not necessarily representative of all geographical locations. This is an example of the 'battle of curriculum design' where the context in which the curriculum will be used, will determine the content.

Conclusion: The Delphi method, based on three iterative rounds and feedback from experts, was effective in reaching consensus on the learning outcomes of a Medical Toxicology curriculum. The study results will ultimately improve education in Medical Toxicology.

Keywords: Core competencies; Curriculum development; Delphi-study; Health Professions Education; Information Specialists; Medical Toxicology; Poison.