Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) has a poor outcome in terms of survival. Forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) dysregulation is critical in solid tumors, which serves a pivotal role in the biological characteristics, such as invasion and migration, but its expression and functions in HC are unclear. The present study investigated the clinical significance and biological functions of FOXK1 in HC. Tumor microarrays and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate FOXK1 in HC and its expression was modulated to determine its effects on chemoresistance and tumorigenesis. FOXK1 was highly expressed in HC and cell lines, which was associated with tumor invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. Silencing FOXK1 in HC cells inhibited invasion and migration, upregulated E-cadherin, and downregulated vimentin, matrix metallopeptidase 9 and Twist in HC cells. Sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was increased, and glutathione S-transferase π, multidrug resistance mutation 1 and P-glycoprotein expression levels were downregulated in RBE cells in vitro following FOXK1 knockdown. These results indicated that FOXK1 plays an oncogenic role in HC progression and can serve as a novel therapeutic target for HC.
Keywords: chemotherapeutic sensitivity; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; forkhead box K1; hilar cholangiocarcinoma; tumor invasion.