Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2031994

Randomized Controlled Trial

. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):795-807.

doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031994. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

Andre C Kalil¹, Thomas F Patterson¹, Aneesh K Mehta¹, Kay M Tomashek¹, Cameron R Wolfe¹, Varduhi Ghazaryan¹, Vincent C Marconi¹, Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios¹, Lanny Hsieh¹, Susan Kline¹, Victor Tapson¹, Nicole M Iovine¹, Mamta K Jain¹, Daniel A Sweeney¹, Hana M El Sahly¹, Angela R Branche¹, Justino Regalado Pineda¹, David C Lye¹, Uriel Sandkovsky¹, Anne F Luetkemeyer¹, Stuart H Cohen¹, Robert W Finberg¹, Patrick E H Jackson¹, Babafemi Taiwo¹, Catharine I Paules¹, Henry Arguinchona¹, Nathaniel Erdmann¹, Neera Ahuja¹, Maria Frank¹, Myoung-Don Oh¹, Eu-Suk Kim¹, Seow Y Tan¹, Richard A Mularski¹, Henrik Nielsen¹, Philip O Ponce¹, Barbara S Taylor¹, LuAnn Larson¹, Nadine G Rouphael¹, Youssef Saklawi¹, Valeria D Cantos¹, Emily R Ko¹, John J Engemann¹, Alpesh N Amin¹, Miki Watanabe¹, Joanne Billings¹, Marie-Carmelle Elie¹, Richard T Davey¹, Timothy H Burgess¹, Jennifer Ferreira¹, Michelle Green¹, Mat Makowski¹, Anabela Cardoso¹, Stephanie de Bono¹, Tyler Bonnett¹, Michael Proschan¹, Gregory A Deye¹, Walla Dempsey¹, Seema U Nayak¹, Lori E Dodd¹, John H Beigel¹; ACTT-2 Study Group Members

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

ACTT-2 Study Group Members:
Thomas F Patterson, Philip O Ponce, Barbara S Taylor, Jan E Patterson, Jason E Bowling, Heta Javeri, Andre C Kalil, LuAnn Larson, Angela Hewlett, Aneesh K Mehta, Nadine G Rouphael, Youssef Saklawi, Nicholas Scanlon, Jessica J Traenkner, Ronald P Trible Jr, Emmanuel B Walter, Noel Ivey, Thomas L Holland, Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios, Alfredo Ponce de León, Sandra Rajme, Lanny Hsieh, Alpesh N Amin, Miki Watanabe, Helen S Lee, Susan Kline, Joanne Billings, Brooke Noren, Hyun Kim, Tyler D Bold, Victor Tapson, Jonathan Grein, Fayyaz Sutterwala, Nicole Iovine, Lars K Beattie, Rebecca Murray Wakeman, Matthew Shaw, Mamta K Jain, Satish Mocherla, Jessica Meisner, Amneris Luque, Daniel A Sweeney, Constance A Benson, Farhana Ali, Robert L Atmar, Hana M El Sahly, Jennifer Whitaker, Ann R Falsey, Angela R Branche, Cheryl Rozario, Justino Regalado Pineda, José Arturo Martinez-Orozco, David Chien Lye, Sean W X Ong, Po Ying Chia, Barnaby E Young, Uriel Sandkovsky, Mezgebe Berhe, Clinton Haley, Emma Dishner, Valeria D Cantos, Colleen F Kelley, Paulina A Rebolledo Esteinou, Sheetal Kandiah, Sarah B Doernberg, Pierre-Cedric B Crouch, Hannah Jang, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Jay Dwyer, Stuart H Cohen, George R Thompson 3rd, Hien H Nguyen, Robert W Finberg, Jennifer P Wang, Juan Perez-Velazquez, Mireya Wessolossky, Patrick E H Jackson, Taison D Bell, Miranda J West, Babafemi Taiwo, Karen Krueger, Johnny Perez, Triniece Pearson, Catharine I Paules, Kathleen G Julian, Danish Ahmad, Alexander G Hajduczok, Henry Arguinchona, Christa Arguinchona, Nathaniel Erdmann, Paul Goepfert, Neera Ahuja, Maria G Frank, David Wyles, Heather Young, Myoung-Don Oh, Wan Beom Park, Chang Kyung Kang, Vincent Marconi, Abeer Moanna, Sushma Cribbs, Telisha Harrison, Eu Suk Kim, Jongtak Jung, Kyoung-Ho Song, Hong Bin Kim, Seow Yen Tan, Humaira Shafi, Jaime M F Chien, Raymond K C Fong, Daniel D Murray, Jens Lundgren, Henrik Nielsen, Tomas Jensen, Barry S Zingman, Robert Grossberg, Paul F Riska, Otto O Yang, Jenny Ahn, Rubi Arias, Rekha R Rapaka, Naomi Hauser, James D Campbell, William R Short, Pablo Tebas, Jillian T Baron, Susan L F McLellan, Lucas S Blanton, Justin B Seashore, C Buddy Creech, Todd W Rice, Shannon Walker, Isaac P Thomsen, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Jason W Van Winkle, Francis X Riedo, Surinder Kaur Pada, Alvin D Y Wang, Li Lin, Michelle Harkins, Gregory Mertz, Nestor Sosa, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Sai Meng Tham, Sophia Archuleta, Gabriel Yan, David A Lindholm, Ana Elizabeth Markelz, Katrin Mende, Richard Mularski, Elizabeth Hohmann, Mariam Torres-Soto, Nikolaus Jilg, Ryan C Maves, Gregory C Utz, Sarah L George, Daniel F Hoft, James D Brien, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Cora Loste, Princy Kumar, Sarah Thornton, Sharmila Mohanraj, Noreen A Hynes, Lauren M Sauer, Christopher J Colombo, Christina Schofield, Rhonda E Colombo, Susan E Chambers, Richard M Novak, Andrea Wendrow, Samir K Gupta, Tida Lee, Tahaniyat Lalani, Mark Holodniy, Aarthi Chary, Nikhil Huprikar, Anuradha Ganesan, Norio Ohmagari, Ayako Mikami, D Ashley Price, Christopher J A Duncan, Kerry Dierberg, Henry J Neumann, Stephanie N Taylor, Alisha Lacour, Najy Masri, Edwin Swiatlo, Kyle Widmer, James D Neaton, Mary Bessesen, David S Stephens, Timothy H Burgess, Timothy M Uyeki, Robert Walker, G Lynn Marks, Anu Osinusi, Huyen Cao, Anabela Cardoso, Stephanie de Bono, Douglas E Schlichting, Kevin K Chung, Jennifer L Ferreira, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Michael R Wierzbicki, Tom M Conrad, Jill Ann El-Khorazaty, Heather Hill, Tyler Bonnett, Nikki Gettinger, Theresa Engel, Teri Lewis, Jing Wang, John H Beigel, Kay M Tomashek, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Tatiana Beresnev, Seema Nayak, Lori E Dodd, Walla Dempsey, Effie Nomicos, Marina Lee, Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges, Mohamed Elsafy, Robert Jurao, Hyung Koo, Michael Proschan, Tammy Yokum, Janice Arega, Ruth Florese, Jocelyn D Voell, Richard Davey

Affiliation

¹ From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (A.C.K., L.L.); University of Texas Health San Antonio, University Health, and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio (T.F.P., P.O.P., B.S.T.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System (M.K.J.) and Baylor Scott and White Health (U.S.), Dallas, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (H.M.E.S.) - all in Texas; Emory University (A.K.M., N.G.R., Y.S., V.C.M., V.D.C.) and Grady Memorial Hospital (V.D.C.), Atlanta, and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur (V.C.M.) - both in Georgia; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (K.M.T., V.G., R.T.D., M.P., G.A.D., W.D., S.U.N., L.E.D., J.H.B.), and the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (T.H.B.), Bethesda, and Emmes (J.F., M.G., M.M.) and Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory (T.B.), Rockville - both in Maryland; Duke University, Durham, NC (C.R.W., E.R.K., J.J.E.); Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, (G.M.R.-P.) and Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (J.R.P.), Mexico City; University of California Irvine, Irvine (L.H., A.N.A., M.W.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (V.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (A.F.L.), University of California, Davis, Davis (S.H.C.), and Stanford University, Stanford (N.A.) - all in California; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (S.K., J.B.); University of Florida, Gainesville (N.M.I., M.-C.E.); University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.R.B.); National Center for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (D.C.L.), and Changi General Hospital (S.Y.T.), Singapore; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (R.W.F.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (P.E.H.J.); Northwestern University, Chicago (B.T.); Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (C.I.P.); Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, WA (H.A.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.E.); Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver (M.F.); Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (M.O.), and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (E.-S.K.) - both in South Korea; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR (R.A.M.); Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (H.N.); and Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (A.C., S.B.).

PMID: 33306283
PMCID: PMC7745180
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031994

Randomized Controlled Trial

Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

Andre C Kalil et al. N Engl J Med. 2021.

. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):795-807.

doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031994. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Authors

Collaborators

ACTT-2 Study Group Members:
Thomas F Patterson, Philip O Ponce, Barbara S Taylor, Jan E Patterson, Jason E Bowling, Heta Javeri, Andre C Kalil, LuAnn Larson, Angela Hewlett, Aneesh K Mehta, Nadine G Rouphael, Youssef Saklawi, Nicholas Scanlon, Jessica J Traenkner, Ronald P Trible Jr, Emmanuel B Walter, Noel Ivey, Thomas L Holland, Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios, Alfredo Ponce de León, Sandra Rajme, Lanny Hsieh, Alpesh N Amin, Miki Watanabe, Helen S Lee, Susan Kline, Joanne Billings, Brooke Noren, Hyun Kim, Tyler D Bold, Victor Tapson, Jonathan Grein, Fayyaz Sutterwala, Nicole Iovine, Lars K Beattie, Rebecca Murray Wakeman, Matthew Shaw, Mamta K Jain, Satish Mocherla, Jessica Meisner, Amneris Luque, Daniel A Sweeney, Constance A Benson, Farhana Ali, Robert L Atmar, Hana M El Sahly, Jennifer Whitaker, Ann R Falsey, Angela R Branche, Cheryl Rozario, Justino Regalado Pineda, José Arturo Martinez-Orozco, David Chien Lye, Sean W X Ong, Po Ying Chia, Barnaby E Young, Uriel Sandkovsky, Mezgebe Berhe, Clinton Haley, Emma Dishner, Valeria D Cantos, Colleen F Kelley, Paulina A Rebolledo Esteinou, Sheetal Kandiah, Sarah B Doernberg, Pierre-Cedric B Crouch, Hannah Jang, Anne F Luetkemeyer, Jay Dwyer, Stuart H Cohen, George R Thompson 3rd, Hien H Nguyen, Robert W Finberg, Jennifer P Wang, Juan Perez-Velazquez, Mireya Wessolossky, Patrick E H Jackson, Taison D Bell, Miranda J West, Babafemi Taiwo, Karen Krueger, Johnny Perez, Triniece Pearson, Catharine I Paules, Kathleen G Julian, Danish Ahmad, Alexander G Hajduczok, Henry Arguinchona, Christa Arguinchona, Nathaniel Erdmann, Paul Goepfert, Neera Ahuja, Maria G Frank, David Wyles, Heather Young, Myoung-Don Oh, Wan Beom Park, Chang Kyung Kang, Vincent Marconi, Abeer Moanna, Sushma Cribbs, Telisha Harrison, Eu Suk Kim, Jongtak Jung, Kyoung-Ho Song, Hong Bin Kim, Seow Yen Tan, Humaira Shafi, Jaime M F Chien, Raymond K C Fong, Daniel D Murray, Jens Lundgren, Henrik Nielsen, Tomas Jensen, Barry S Zingman, Robert Grossberg, Paul F Riska, Otto O Yang, Jenny Ahn, Rubi Arias, Rekha R Rapaka, Naomi Hauser, James D Campbell, William R Short, Pablo Tebas, Jillian T Baron, Susan L F McLellan, Lucas S Blanton, Justin B Seashore, C Buddy Creech, Todd W Rice, Shannon Walker, Isaac P Thomsen, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Jason W Van Winkle, Francis X Riedo, Surinder Kaur Pada, Alvin D Y Wang, Li Lin, Michelle Harkins, Gregory Mertz, Nestor Sosa, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Sai Meng Tham, Sophia Archuleta, Gabriel Yan, David A Lindholm, Ana Elizabeth Markelz, Katrin Mende, Richard Mularski, Elizabeth Hohmann, Mariam Torres-Soto, Nikolaus Jilg, Ryan C Maves, Gregory C Utz, Sarah L George, Daniel F Hoft, James D Brien, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu, Cora Loste, Princy Kumar, Sarah Thornton, Sharmila Mohanraj, Noreen A Hynes, Lauren M Sauer, Christopher J Colombo, Christina Schofield, Rhonda E Colombo, Susan E Chambers, Richard M Novak, Andrea Wendrow, Samir K Gupta, Tida Lee, Tahaniyat Lalani, Mark Holodniy, Aarthi Chary, Nikhil Huprikar, Anuradha Ganesan, Norio Ohmagari, Ayako Mikami, D Ashley Price, Christopher J A Duncan, Kerry Dierberg, Henry J Neumann, Stephanie N Taylor, Alisha Lacour, Najy Masri, Edwin Swiatlo, Kyle Widmer, James D Neaton, Mary Bessesen, David S Stephens, Timothy H Burgess, Timothy M Uyeki, Robert Walker, G Lynn Marks, Anu Osinusi, Huyen Cao, Anabela Cardoso, Stephanie de Bono, Douglas E Schlichting, Kevin K Chung, Jennifer L Ferreira, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Michael R Wierzbicki, Tom M Conrad, Jill Ann El-Khorazaty, Heather Hill, Tyler Bonnett, Nikki Gettinger, Theresa Engel, Teri Lewis, Jing Wang, John H Beigel, Kay M Tomashek, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Tatiana Beresnev, Seema Nayak, Lori E Dodd, Walla Dempsey, Effie Nomicos, Marina Lee, Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges, Mohamed Elsafy, Robert Jurao, Hyung Koo, Michael Proschan, Tammy Yokum, Janice Arega, Ruth Florese, Jocelyn D Voell, Richard Davey

Affiliation

¹ From the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (A.C.K., L.L.); University of Texas Health San Antonio, University Health, and the South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio (T.F.P., P.O.P., B.S.T.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System (M.K.J.) and Baylor Scott and White Health (U.S.), Dallas, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (H.M.E.S.) - all in Texas; Emory University (A.K.M., N.G.R., Y.S., V.C.M., V.D.C.) and Grady Memorial Hospital (V.D.C.), Atlanta, and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur (V.C.M.) - both in Georgia; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (K.M.T., V.G., R.T.D., M.P., G.A.D., W.D., S.U.N., L.E.D., J.H.B.), and the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (T.H.B.), Bethesda, and Emmes (J.F., M.G., M.M.) and Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory (T.B.), Rockville - both in Maryland; Duke University, Durham, NC (C.R.W., E.R.K., J.J.E.); Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, (G.M.R.-P.) and Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (J.R.P.), Mexico City; University of California Irvine, Irvine (L.H., A.N.A., M.W.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (V.T.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco (A.F.L.), University of California, Davis, Davis (S.H.C.), and Stanford University, Stanford (N.A.) - all in California; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (S.K., J.B.); University of Florida, Gainesville (N.M.I., M.-C.E.); University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (A.R.B.); National Center for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (D.C.L.), and Changi General Hospital (S.Y.T.), Singapore; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (R.W.F.); University of Virginia, Charlottesville (P.E.H.J.); Northwestern University, Chicago (B.T.); Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA (C.I.P.); Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, WA (H.A.); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.E.); Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver (M.F.); Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (M.O.), and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (E.-S.K.) - both in South Korea; Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR (R.A.M.); Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark (H.N.); and Eli Lilly, Indianapolis (A.C., S.B.).

PMID: 33306283
PMCID: PMC7745180
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031994

Abstract

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with dysregulated inflammation. The effects of combination treatment with baricitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, plus remdesivir are not known.

Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating baricitinib plus remdesivir in hospitalized adults with Covid-19. All the patients received remdesivir (≤10 days) and either baricitinib (≤14 days) or placebo (control). The primary outcome was the time to recovery. The key secondary outcome was clinical status at day 15.

Results: A total of 1033 patients underwent randomization (with 515 assigned to combination treatment and 518 to control). Patients receiving baricitinib had a median time to recovery of 7 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 8), as compared with 8 days (95% CI, 7 to 9) with control (rate ratio for recovery, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.32; P = 0.03), and a 30% higher odds of improvement in clinical status at day 15 (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.6). Patients receiving high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation at enrollment had a time to recovery of 10 days with combination treatment and 18 days with control (rate ratio for recovery, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.08). The 28-day mortality was 5.1% in the combination group and 7.8% in the control group (hazard ratio for death, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.09). Serious adverse events were less frequent in the combination group than in the control group (16.0% vs. 21.0%; difference, -5.0 percentage points; 95% CI, -9.8 to -0.3; P = 0.03), as were new infections (5.9% vs. 11.2%; difference, -5.3 percentage points; 95% CI, -8.7 to -1.9; P = 0.003).

Conclusions: Baricitinib plus remdesivir was superior to remdesivir alone in reducing recovery time and accelerating improvement in clinical status among patients with Covid-19, notably among those receiving high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation. The combination was associated with fewer serious adverse events. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04401579.).

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Figures

**Figure 1. Enrollment and Randomization.**
RDV denotes remdesivir.

**Figure 2. Kaplan–Meier Estimates of Cumulative Recoveries.**
Cumulative recovery estimates are shown in the overall population (Panel A), in patients with a baseline score of 4 on the ordinal scale (not requiring oxygen; Panel B), in those with a baseline score of 5 (requiring oxygen; Panel C), in those with a baseline score of 6 (receiving high-flow oxygen or noninvasive mechanical ventilation; Panel D), and in those with a baseline score of 7 (receiving mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]; Panel E). Shaded areas indicate 95% confidence intervals.

**Figure 3. Time to Recovery According to Subgroup.**
The widths of the confidence intervals have not been adjusted for multiplicity and therefore cannot be used to infer treatment effects. Race and ethnic group were reported by the patients. With respect to “other” race, the categories that were used when data on race were reported included American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.

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Comment in

Baricitinib Therapy in Covid-19 Pneumonia - An Unmet Need Fulfilled.
Goletti D, Cantini F. Goletti D, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):867-869. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2034982. N Engl J Med. 2021. PMID: 33657299 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

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References

1. Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 — final report. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1813-1826. - PMC - PubMed
1. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020;395:1033-1034. - PMC - PubMed
1. Stebbing J, Phelan A, Griffin I, et al. COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:400-402. - PMC - PubMed
1. Richardson P, Griffin I, Tucker C, et al. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet 2020;395(10223):e30-e31. - PMC - PubMed
1. Stebbing J, Krishnan V, de Bono S, et al. Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence-predicted testing in COVID-19 patients. EMBO Mol Med 2020;12(8):e12697-e12697. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 — final report. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1813-1826. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 — final report. N Engl J Med 2020;383:1813-1826. - PMC - PubMed

[3] Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020;395:1033-1034. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020;395:1033-1034. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Stebbing J, Phelan A, Griffin I, et al. COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:400-402. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Stebbing J, Phelan A, Griffin I, et al. COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:400-402. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Richardson P, Griffin I, Tucker C, et al. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet 2020;395(10223):e30-e31. - PMC - PubMed

[8] Richardson P, Griffin I, Tucker C, et al. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet 2020;395(10223):e30-e31. - PMC - PubMed

[9] Stebbing J, Krishnan V, de Bono S, et al. Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence-predicted testing in COVID-19 patients. EMBO Mol Med 2020;12(8):e12697-e12697. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Stebbing J, Krishnan V, de Bono S, et al. Mechanism of baricitinib supports artificial intelligence-predicted testing in COVID-19 patients. EMBO Mol Med 2020;12(8):e12697-e12697. - PMC - PubMed

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Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

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Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19

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